Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research

Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research

Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in a sequencing batch reactor equipped with fixed Kaldnes carriers

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani 1
Mahdi Safari 2
Reza Rezaee 2
Abbas Rezaee 3
1 Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
2 Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Department of Environmental Health, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40206
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a modified sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) using fixed Kaldnes carriers fed with acclimated sludge for ammonium removal via simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) in synthetic wastewater. The results exhibited a SND of 82.3% within a 450-minute cycle time which was higher than that of a SBR without carrier (69.83%). Nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) increased from 16.94% to 32.83% until 120 minutes of cycle time, and then, decreased to 1.17% by 450 minutes. The biomass concentration in the bio-film (674 ± 6 mg/l) was lower than suspended biomass (1984 ± 12 mg/l). However, the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of the bio-film (5.24 ± 0.28 mg O2/mg MLVSS.d) was greater than suspended biomass (1.89 ± 0.12 mg O2/mg VSS.d), indicating the higher bioactivity of the bio-film than that of suspended biomass. Up to 3% salinity had no significant effect on MSBR performance for both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium removal. These results illustrated the high efficiency of the MSBR in the treatment of wastewater containing high salinity as well as the removal of nitrogen compounds via SND. 
Keywords
Nitrification
Denitrification
Salinity
Wastewater
Biomass
  1. Safari M, Rezaee A, Ayati B, Jonidi-Jafari A. Simultaneous removal of nitrate and its intermediates by use of bipolar electrochemistry. Res Chem Intermed 2013; 41(3): 1395-72.
  2. Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Rezaee A, Godini H, Khataee AR, Hasanbeiki A. Photoelectrochemical treatment of ammonium using seawater as a natural supporting electrolyte. Chem Ecol 2013; 29(1): 72-85.
  3. Rezaee A, Safari M, Hossini H. Bioelectrochemical denitrification using carbon felt/multiwall carbon nanotube. Environ Technol 2015; 36(5-8): 1057-62.
  4. Epsztein R, Nir O, Lahav O, Green M. Selective nitrate removal from groundwater using a hybrid nanofiltration-reverse osmosis filtration scheme. Chem Eng J 2015; 279: 372-8.
  5. Alikhani M, Moghbeli MR. Ion-exchange polyHIPE type membrane for removing nitrate ions: Preparation, characterization, kinetics and adsorption studies. Chem Eng J 2014; 239: 93-104.
  6. Safari M, Rezaee A, Ayati B, Jonidi-Jafari A. Bio-electrochemical reduction of nitrate utilizing MWCNT supported on carbon base electrodes: A comparison study. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014; 45(5): 2212-6.
  7. Mukherjee R, De S. Adsorptive removal of nitrate from aqueous solution by polyacrylonitrile?alumina nanoparticle mixed matrix hollow-fiber membrane. J Memb Sci 2014; 466: 281-92.
  8. Siriwatcharapiboon W, Kwon Y, Yang J, Chantry RL, Li Z, Horswell SL, et al. Promotion effects of Sn on the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate at Rh nanoparticles. Chem Electro Chem 2014; 1(1): 172-9.
  9. Chen Y, Wang D, Zhu X, Zheng X, Feng L. Long-term effects of copper nanoparticles on wastewater biological nutrient removal and N2O generation in the activated sludge process. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46(22): 12452-8.
  10. Petrovic A, Simonic M. Effect of Chlorella sorokiniana on the biological denitrification of drinking water. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22(7): 5171-83.
  11. Li J, Peng Y, Gu G, Wei S. Factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an SBBR treating domestic wastewater. Front Environ Sci En 2007; 1(2): 246-50.
  12. Wu C, Chen Z, Liu X, Peng Y. Nitrification-denitrification via nitrite in SBR using real-time control strategy when treating domestic wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2007; 36(2): 87-92.
  13. Zhang Y, Shi Z, Chen M, Dong X, Zhou J. Evaluation of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification under controlled conditions by an aerobic denitrifier culture. Bioresour Technol 2014; 175C: 602-5.
  14. Zhang L, Wei C, Zhang K, Zhang C, Fang Q, Li S. Effects of temperature on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 32(2): 175-82.
  15. Wang J, Peng Y, Wang S, Gao Y. Nitrogen removal by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite in a sequence hybrid biological reactor. Chin J Chem Eng 2008; 16(5): 778-84.
  16. Du R, Peng Y, Cao S, Wu C, Weng D, Wang S, et al. Advanced nitrogen removal with simultaneous Anammox and denitrification in sequencing batch reactor. Bioresour Technol 2014; 162: 316-22.
  17. Li XM, Chen HB, Yang Q, Wang DB, Luo K, Zeng GM. Biological nutrient removal in a sequencing batch reactor operated as oxic/anoxic/extended-idle regime. Chemosphere 2014; 105: 75-81.
  18. Chiu YC, Lee LL, Chang CN, Chao AC. Control of carbon and ammonium ratio for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a sequencing batch bioreactor. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 2007; 59(1): 1-7.
  19. Rodriguez DC, Pino N, Penuela G. Monitoring the removal of nitrogen by applying a nitrification-denitrification process in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Bioresour Technol 2011; 102(3): 2316-21.
  20. Wang D, Zheng W, Li X, Yang Q, Liao D, Zeng G. Evaluation of the feasibility of alcohols serving as external carbon sources for biological phosphorus removal induced by the oxic/extended-idle regime. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110(3): 827-37.
  21. Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Rezaee RA, Godini H, Khataee AR, Jorfi S. Organic matter removal under high loads in a fixed-bed sequencing batch reactor with peach pit as carrier. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 2013; 32(3): 681-7.
  22. Sirianuntapiboon S, Yommee S. Application of a new type of moving bio-film in aerobic sequencing batch reactor (aerobic-SBR). J Environ Manage 2006; 78(2): 149-56.
  23. Garcia ML, Lapa KR, Foresti E, Zaiat M. Effects of bed materials on the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor treating domestic sewage. J Environ Manage 2008; 88(4): 1471-7.
  24. Zhan XM, Rodgers M, O'Reilly E. Biofilm growth and characteristics in an alternating pumped sequencing batch biofilm reactor (APSBBR). Water Res 2006; 40(4): 817-25.
  25. Jing JY, Feng J, Li WY, Xu Y. Removal of COD from coking-plant wastewater in the moving-bed biofilm sequencing batch reactor. Korean J Chem Eng 2009; 26(2): 564-8.
  26. Zhang LL, Chen JM, Fang F. Biodegradation of methyl t-butyl ether by aerobic granules under a cosubstrate condition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 78(3): 543-50.
  27. Eaton AD, Franson MA. Standard methods for the examination of water & wastewater. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2005.
  28. Parvanova-Mancheva T, Beschkov V. Microbial denitrification by immobilized bacteria Pseudomonas denitrificans stimulated by constant electric field. Biochem Eng J 2009; 44(2-3): 208-13.
  29. Rene ER, Kim SJ, Park HS. Effect of COD/N ratio and salinity on the performance of sequencing batch reactors. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99(4): 839-46.
  30. Obaja D, Mace S, Costa J, Sans C, Mata-Alvarez J. Nitrification, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal in piggery wastewater using a sequencing batch reactor. Bioresour Technol 2003; 87(1): 103-11.
  31. Wang RC, Wen XH, Qian Y. Influence of carrier concentration on the performance and microbial characteristics of a suspended carrier biofilm reactor. Process Biochem 2005; 40(9): 2992-3001.
  32. Bassin JP, Dezotti M, Sant'anna GL Jr. Nitrification of industrial and domestic saline wastewaters in moving bed biofilm reactor and sequencing batch reactor. J Hazard Mater 2011; 185(1): 242-8.
  33. Chen Y, Jiang W, Liang DT, Tay JH. Biodegradation and kinetics of aerobic granules under high organic loading rates in sequencing batch reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 79(2): 301-8.
  34. Du G, Geng J, Chen J, Lun S. Mixed culture of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 19(4): 433-7.
  35. Gao D, Peng Y, Li B, Liang H. Shortcut nitrification-denitrification by real-time control strategies. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100(7): 2298-300.
  36. Li B, Irvin S. The comparison of alkalinity and ORP as indicators for nitrification and denitrification in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Biochem Eng J 2007; 34(3): 248-55.
  37. Yang S, Yang F, Fu Z, Wang T, Lei R. Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal by a novel sequencing batch moving bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment. J Hazard Mater 2010; 175(1-3): 551-7.
  38. Holman JB, Wareham DG. COD, ammonia and dissolved oxygen time profiles in the simultaneous nitrification/denitrification process. Biochem Eng J 2005; 22(2): 125-33.
  39. Osaka T, Shirotani K, Yoshie S, Tsuneda S. Effects of carbon source on denitrification efficiency and microbial community structure in a saline wastewater treatment process. Water Res 2008; 42(14): 3709-18.
  40. Dincer AR, Kargi F. Salt inhibition kinetics in nitrification of synthetic saline wastewater. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28(7-8): 661-5.
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
Volume 3, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
14
Autumn 2015
Pages 224-234