Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research

Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research

Assessing the Need for Continuity of Preventive Environmental Health Recommendations to Avoid Contamination With COVID-19: A Systematic Review Study

Document Type : Review Article(s)

Authors
Mohammad Ali Zazouli 1
Zabihollah Yousefi 2
Hadi Niknejad 3
Alireza Ala 4
1 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
3 Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
10.34172/jaehr.1330
Abstract
The coronavirus may persist for an extended period, underscoring the importance of maintaining preventive environmental health recommendations and sustainable environmental health management to curb viral infections and prevent the resurgence of COVID-19. This systematic review of existing literature aimed to assess the role of environmental health in COVID-19 prevention. The systematic review involved searching scientific articles across databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as Environmental Health, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Coronavirus, and Preventive. Articles were included based on their provision of full-text research focusing on the role of environmental health in COVID-19 prevention. Quality assessment and validation using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist were conducted independently by two authors. Ultimately, 20 articles comprising descriptive observational studies, systematic reviews, and analytical articles were selected from the total number of articles identified. Public participation in health protocols, environmental factors control, preventive recommendations, promotion of protective behaviors, immunization, and implementation of management measures emerged as critical strategies for effective risk communication and notification of preventive recommendations in addressing COVID-19. Fostering mutual understanding and sustaining public engagement are vital components in the ongoing battle against COVID-19. Given the significance of preventive measures and adherence to health protocols, ensuring the continuity of essential health services, implementing a combination of strategies to contain viral spread within society, and providing systematic information to stakeholders are underscored as crucial elements.
Keywords
COVID-19
Prevention
Coronavirus
Environmental health
Immunization

Subjects

  1. Das A, Ghosh S, Das K, Basu T, Dutta I, Das M. Living environment matters: unravelling the spatial clustering of COVID-19 hotspots in Kolkata megacity, India. Sustain Cities Soc. 2021;65:102577. doi: 1016/j.scs.2020.102577.
  2. Özdemir Ö. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): diagnosis and management. Erciyes Med J. 2020;42(3):242-7. doi: 14744/etd.2020.99836.
  3. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9. doi: 1001/jama.2020.1585.
  4. Fujita K, Inoue A, Kuzuya M, Uno C, Huang CH, Umegaki H, et al. Mental health status of the older adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2021;22(1):220-1. doi: 1016/j.jamda.2020.11.023.
  5. Giasuddin AB, Kanel SR, Choi H. Adsorption of humic acid onto nanoscale zerovalent iron and its effect on arsenic removal. Environ Sci Technol. 2007;41(6):2022-7. doi: 1021/es0616534.
  6. Mahmood A, Eqan M, Pervez S, Alghamdi HA, Tabinda AB, Yasar A, et al. COVID-19 and frequent use of hand sanitizers; human health and environmental hazards by exposure pathways. Sci Total Environ. 2020;742:140561. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140561.
  7. Bastug A, Hanifehnezhad A, Tayman C, Ozkul A, Ozbay O, Kazancioglu S, et al. Virolactia in an asymptomatic mother with COVID-19. Breastfeed Med. 2020;15(8):488-91. doi: 1089/bfm.2020.0161.
  8. World Health Organization (WHO). Infection Prevention and Control During Health Care When Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Infection is Suspected: Interim Guidance, 25 January 2020. WHO; 2020.
  9. Mousazadeh M, Naghdali Z, Rahimian N, Hashemi M, Paital B, Al-Qodah Z, et al. Management of environmental health to prevent an outbreak of COVID-19: a review. In: Dehghani MH, Karri RR, Roy S, eds. Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Academic Press; 2021. p. 235-67. doi: 1016/b978-0-323-85780-2.00007-x.
  10. Díaz de León-Martínez L, de la Sierra-de la Vega L, Palacios-Ramírez A, Rodriguez-Aguilar M, Flores-Ramírez R. Critical review of social, environmental and health risk factors in the Mexican indigenous population and their capacity to respond to the COVID-19. Sci Total Environ. 2020;733:139357. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139357.
  11. Zazouli MA, Hashempour Y, Yousefi Z, Ala A. Environmental factors affecting the incidence, infection and mortality rates of COVID-19: a systematic review. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2021;31(202):179-95. [Persian].
  12. Takian A, Haghighi H, Raoofi A. Challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives. In: Dehghani MH, Karri RR, Roy S, eds. Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Academic Press; 2021. p. 443-77. doi: 1016/b978-0-323-85780-2.00011-1.
  13. Mofijur M, Fattah IM, Alam MA, Islam A, Ong HC, Rahman SM, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on the social, economic, environmental and energy domains: lessons learnt from a global pandemic. Sustain Prod Consum. 2021;26:343-59. doi: 1016/j.spc.2020.10.016.
  14. Summerlin-Long S, Selimos A, Brewer B, Buchanan M, Clark C, Croyle K, et al. Building a personal protective equipment monitor team as part of a comprehensive COVID-19 prevention strategy. Am J Infect Control. 2021;49(11):1443-4. doi: 1016/j.ajic.2021.08.009.
  15. Rowan NJ, Laffey JG. Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic - implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management. Sci Total Environ. 2021;752:142259. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142259.
  16. Chand AA, Lal PP, Prasad KA, Mamun KA. Practice, benefits, and impact of personal protective equipment (PPE) during COVID-19 pandemic: envisioning the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) through the lens of clean water sanitation, life below water, and life on land in Fiji. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021;70:102763. doi: 1016/j.amsu.2021.102763.
  17. Agarwal N, Meena CS, Raj BP, Saini L, Kumar A, Gopalakrishnan N, et al. Indoor air quality improvement in COVID-19 pandemic: review. Sustain Cities Soc. 2021;70:102942. doi: 1016/j.scs.2021.102942.
  18. Raghava N, Vidovic B. Using computational fluid dynamics to evaluate the role of air purification in reducing fallow time in dentistry. Res Sq [Preprint]. August 19, 2020. Available from: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-59571/v1.
  19. Sun C, Zhai Z. The efficacy of social distance and ventilation effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 transmission. Sustain Cities Soc. 2020;62:102390. doi: 1016/j.scs.2020.102390.
  20. Omer SB, Benjamin RM, Brewer NT, Buttenheim AM, Callaghan T, Caplan A, et al. Promoting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: recommendations from the Lancet Commission on Vaccine Refusal, Acceptance, and Demand in the USA. Lancet. 2021;398(10317):2186-92. doi: 1016/s0140-6736(21)02507-1.
  21. Earnshaw S, Monnet DL, Duncan B, O’Toole J, Ekdahl K, Goossens H. European Antibiotic Awareness Day, 2008 - the first Europe-wide public information campaign on prudent antibiotic use: methods and survey of activities in participating countries. Euro Surveill. 2009;14(30):19280. doi: 2807/ese.14.30.19280-en.
  22. French J, Deshpande S, Evans W, Obregon R. Key guidelines in developing a pre-emptive COVID-19 vaccination uptake promotion strategy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):5893. doi: 3390/ijerph17165893.
  23. Smith RA, Myrick JG, Lennon RP, Martin MA, Small ML, Van Scoy LJ, et al. Exploring behavioral typologies to inform COVID-19 health campaigns: a person-centered approach. J Health Commun. 2021;26(6):402-12. doi: 1080/10810730.2021.1946218.
  24. Ochani R, Asad A, Yasmin F, Shaikh S, Khalid H, Batra S, et al. COVID-19 pandemic: from origins to outcomes. A comprehensive review of viral pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Infez Med. 2021;29(1):20-36.
  25. Rashedi R, Samieefar N, Masoumi N, Mohseni S, Rezaei N. COVID-19 vaccines mix-and-match: the concept, the efficacy and the doubts. J Med Virol. 2022;94(4):1294-9. doi: 1002/jmv.27463.
  26. Leng A, Maitland E, Wang S, Nicholas S, Liu R, Wang J. Individual preferences for COVID-19 vaccination in China. Vaccine. 2021;39(2):247-54. doi: 1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.009.
  27. Capoor MR, Parida A. Current perspectives of biomedical waste management in context of COVID-19”. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2021;39(2):171-8. doi: 1016/j.ijmmb.2021.03.003.
  28. Rhee SW. Management of used personal protective equipment and wastes related to COVID-19 in South Korea. Waste Manag Res. 2020;38(8):820-4. doi: 1177/0734242x20933343.
  29. Das AK, Islam MN, Billah MM, Sarker A. COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare solid waste management strategy - a mini-review. Sci Total Environ. 2021;778:146220. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146220.
  30. Hasija V, Patial S, Raizada P, Thakur S, Singh P, Hussain CM. The environmental impact of mass coronavirus vaccinations: a point of view on huge COVID-19 vaccine waste across the globe during ongoing vaccine campaigns. Sci Total Environ. 2022;813:151881. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151881.
  31. Klemeš JJ, Jiang P, Fan YV, Bokhari A, Wang XC. COVID-19 pandemics stage II - energy and environmental impacts of vaccination. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2021;150:111400. doi: 1016/j.rser.2021.111400.
  32. Tomas ME, Kundrapu S, Thota P, Sunkesula VC, Cadnum JL, Mana TS, et al. Contamination of health care personnel during removal of personal protective equipment. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(12):1904-10. doi: 1001/jamainternmed.2015.4535.
  33. Casanova LM, Rutala WA, Weber DJ, Sobsey MD. Effect of single- versus double-gloving on virus transfer to health care workers’ skin and clothing during removal of personal protective equipment. Am J Infect Control. 2012;40(4):369-74. doi: 1016/j.ajic.2011.04.324.
  34. Summerlin-Long S, Brewer B, Selimos A, Buchanan M, Clark C, Croyle K, et al. Building a PPE monitor team as part of a comprehensive COVID-19 prevention strategy. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2021;1(S1):S47. doi: 1017/ash.2021.88.
  35. Zazouli M-A, Hashempour Y. A review of the stability of coronaviruses in different environments. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2021;31(195):141-55. [Persian].
  36. Cravero C, Marsano D. Simulation of COVID-19 indoor emissions from coughing and breathing with air conditioning and mask protection effects. Indoor Built Environ. 2022;31(5):1242-61. doi: 1177/1420326x211039546.
  37. Zhou M, Long P, Kong N, Campy KS. Characterizing Wuhan residents’ mask-wearing intention at early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient Educ Couns. 2021;104(8):1868-77. doi: 1016/j.pec.2020.12.020.
  38. Krishnamachari B, Morris A, Zastrow D, Dsida A, Harper B, Santella AJ. The role of mask mandates, stay at home orders and school closure in curbing the COVID-19 pandemic prior to vaccination. Am J Infect Control. 2021;49(8):1036-42. doi: 1016/j.ajic.2021.02.002.
  39. Seresirikachorn K, Phoophiboon V, Chobarporn T, Tiankanon K, Aeumjaturapat S, Chusakul S, et al. Decontamination and reuse of surgical masks and N95 filtering facepiece respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2021;42(1):25-30. doi: 1017/ice.2020.379.
  40. Maki DG, Alter SM, Solano JJ, Adirim TA, DeMets DL, Shih RD, et al. COVID-19 control in the United States: the case for masking. Am J Manag Care. 2021;27(7):e218-20. doi: 37765/ajmc.2021.88670.
  41. Kwon S, Joshi AD, Lo CH, Drew DA, Nguyen LH, Guo CG, et al. Association of social distancing and face mask use with risk of COVID-19. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):3737. doi: 1038/s41467-021-24115-7.
  42. Bowen LE. Does that face mask really protect you? Appl Biosaf. 2010;15(2):67-71. doi: 1177/153567601001500204.
  43. Somsen GA, van Rijn C, Kooij S, Bem RA, Bonn D. Small droplet aerosols in poorly ventilated spaces and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(7):658-9. doi: 1016/s2213-2600(20)30245-9.
  44. Mahmood SU, Crimbly F, Khan S, Choudry E, Mehwish S. Strategies for rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among healthcare providers during the COVID-19 crisis. Cureus. 2020;12(5):e8248. doi: 7759/cureus.8248.
  45. Jędruchniewicz K, Ok YS, Oleszczuk P. COVID-19 discarded disposable gloves as a source and a vector of pollutants in the environment. J Hazard Mater. 2021;417:125938. doi: 1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125938.
  46. Preece D, Lewis R, Carré MJ. A critical review of the assessment of medical gloves. Tribol Mater Surf Interfaces. 2021;15(1):10-9. doi: 1080/17515831.2020.1730619.
  47. Elizalde-Velázquez A, Subbiah S, Anderson TA, Green MJ, Zhao X, Cañas-Carrell JE. Sorption of three common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to microplastics. Sci Total Environ. 2020;715:136974. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136974.
  48. Garçon M, Sauzéat L, Carlson RW, Shirey SB, Simon M, Balter V, et al. Nitrile, latex, neoprene and vinyl gloves: a primary source of contamination for trace element and Zn isotopic analyses in geological and biological samples. Geostand Geoanal Res. 2017;41(3):367-80. doi: 1111/ggr.12161.
  49. Bazant MZ, Bush JW. A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(17):e2018995118. doi: 1073/pnas.2018995118.
  50. Berry G, Parsons A, Morgan M, Rickert J, Cho H. A review of methods to reduce the probability of the airborne spread of COVID-19 in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. Environ Res. 2022;203:111765. doi: 1016/j.envres.2021.111765.
  51. Riley EC, Murphy G, Riley RL. Airborne spread of measles in a suburban elementary school. Am J Epidemiol. 1978;107(5):421-32. doi: 1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112560.
  52. Lewis D. Is the coronavirus airborne? Experts can’t agree. Nature. 2020;580(7802):175. doi: 1038/d41586-020-00974-w.
  53. Luongo JC, Fennelly KP, Keen JA, Zhai ZJ, Jones BW, Miller SL. Role of mechanical ventilation in the airborne transmission of infectious agents in buildings. Indoor Air. 2016;26(5):666-78. doi: 1111/ina.12267.
  54. Meselson M. Droplets and aerosols in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(21):2063. doi: 1056/NEJMc2009324.
  55. van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, et al. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(16):1564-7. doi: 1056/NEJMc2004973.
  56. Scarano A, Inchingolo F, Lorusso F. Environmental disinfection of a dental clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative insight. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:8896812. doi: 1155/2020/8896812.
  57. Cimolai N. Environmental and decontamination issues for human coronaviruses and their potential surrogates. J Med Virol. 2020;92(11):2498-510. doi: 1002/jmv.26170.
  58. Ansaldi F, Banfi F, Morelli P, Valle L, Durando P, Sticchi L, et al. SARS-CoV, influenza A and syncitial respiratory virus resistance against common disinfectants and ultraviolet irradiation. J Prev Med Hyg. 2004;45(1-2):5-8.
  59. Ragan I, Hartson L, Pidcoke H, Bowen R, Goodrich R. Pathogen reduction of SARS-CoV-2 virus in plasma and whole blood using riboflavin and UV light. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0233947. doi: 1371/journal.pone.0233947.
  60. Liu Y, Ning Z, Chen Y, Guo M, Liu Y, Gali NK, et al. Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals. Nature. 2020;582(7813):557-60. doi: 1038/s41586-020-2271-3.
  61. Hierholzer JC. Purification and biophysical properties of human coronavirus 229E. Virology. 1976;75(1):155-65. doi: 1016/0042-6822(76)90014-3.
  62. Lai MY, Cheng PK, Lim WW. Survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(7):e67-71. doi: 1086/433186.
  63. Omidbakhsh N, Sattar SA. Broad-spectrum microbicidal activity, toxicologic assessment, and materials compatibility of a new generation of accelerated hydrogen peroxide-based environmental surface disinfectant. Am J Infect Control. 2006;34(5):251-7. doi: 1016/j.ajic.2005.06.002.
  64. Holtkamp DJ, Myers J, Thomas PR, Karriker LA, Ramirez A, Zhang J, et al. Efficacy of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feces on metal surfaces. Can J Vet Res. 2017;81(2):100-7.
  65. Wang XW, Li JS, Jin M, Zhen B, Kong QX, Song N, et al. Study on the resistance of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. J Virol Methods. 2005;126(1-2):171-7. doi: 1016/j.jviromet.2005.02.005.
  66. Pratelli A. Canine coronavirus inactivation with physical and chemical agents. Vet J. 2008;177(1):71-9. doi: 1016/j.tvjl.2007.03.019.
  67. Hulkower RL, Casanova LM, Rutala WA, Weber DJ, Sobsey MD. Inactivation of surrogate coronaviruses on hard surfaces by health care germicides. Am J Infect Control. 2011;39(5):401-7. doi: 1016/j.ajic.2010.08.011.
  68. Chin AW, Chu JT, Perera MR, Hui KP, Yen HL, Chan MC, et al. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions. Lancet Microbe. 2020;1(1):e10. doi: 1016/s2666-5247(20)30003-3.
  69. Fischer RJ, Morris DH, van Doremalen N, Sarchette S, Matson MJ, Bushmaker T, et al. Effectiveness of N95 respirator decontamination and reuse against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(9):2253-5. doi: 3201/eid2609.201524.
  70. Ijaz MK, Whitehead K, Srinivasan V, McKinney J, Rubino JR, Ripley M, et al. Microbicidal actives with virucidal efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(8):972-3. doi: 1016/j.ajic.2020.05.015.
  71. Dellanno C, Vega Q, Boesenberg D. The antiviral action of common household disinfectants and antiseptics against murine hepatitis virus, a potential surrogate for SARS coronavirus. Am J Infect Control. 2009;37(8):649-52. doi: 1016/j.ajic.2009.03.012.
  72. Wood A, Payne D. The action of three antiseptics/disinfectants against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. J Hosp Infect. 1998;38(4):283-95. doi: 1016/s0195-6701(98)90077-9.
  73. Saknimit M, Inatsuki I, Sugiyama Y, Yagami K. Virucidal efficacy of physico-chemical treatments against coronaviruses and parvoviruses of laboratory animals. Jikken Dobutsu. 1988;37(3):341-5. doi: 1538/expanim1978.37.3_341.
  74. Sattar SA, Springthorpe VS, Karim Y, Loro P. Chemical disinfection of non-porous inanimate surfaces experimentally contaminated with four human pathogenic viruses. Epidemiol Infect. 1989;102(3):493-505. doi: 1017/s0950268800030211.
  75. Tanne JH. COVID-19: trump extends physical distancing to 30 April, as cases climb in New York. BMJ. 2020;368:m1289. doi: 1136/bmj.m1289.
  76. Lou B, Li TD, Zheng SF, Su YY, Li ZY, Liu W, et al. Serology characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection after exposure and post-symptom onset. Eur Respir J. 2020;56(2):2000763. doi: 1183/13993003.00763-2020.
  77. Mozumder MSI, Amin MSA, Uddin MR, Talukder MJ. Coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak and control: effect of temperature, relative humidity, and lockdown implementation. Arch Pediatr. 2021;28(2):111-6. doi: 1016/j.arcped.2020.12.006.
  78. Guo C, Chan SHT, Lin C, Zeng Y, Bo Y, Zhang Y, et al. Physical distancing implementation, ambient temperature and COVID-19 containment: an observational study in the United States. Sci Total Environ. 2021;789:147876. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147876.
  79. Baker RE, Yang W, Vecchi GA, Metcalf CJ, Grenfell BT. Susceptible supply limits the role of climate in the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Science. 2020;369(6501):315-9. doi: 1126/science.abc2535.
  80. Pratomo H. From social distance to physical distance: a challenge for evaluating public health interventions against COVID-19. Kesmas National Public Health Journal. 2020;15(2):60-2. doi: 21109/kesmas.v15i2.4010.
  81. Islam N, Sharp SJ, Chowell G, Shabnam S, Kawachi I, Lacey B, et al. Physical distancing interventions and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019: natural experiment in 149 countries. BMJ. 2020;370:m2743. doi: 1136/bmj.m2743.
  82. Faustini A, Rapp R, Forastiere F. Nitrogen dioxide and mortality: review and meta-analysis of long-term studies. Eur Respir J. 2014;44(3):744-53. doi: 1183/09031936.00114713.
  83. Brandt EB, Beck AF, Mersha TB. Air pollution, racial disparities, and COVID-19 mortality. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(1):61-3. doi: 1016/j.jaci.2020.04.035.
  84. Conticini E, Frediani B, Caro D. Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy? Environ Pollut. 2020;261:114465. doi: 1016/j.envpol.2020.114465.
  85. Travaglio M, Yu Y, Popovic R, Selley L, Leal NS, Martins LM. Links between air pollution and COVID-19 in England. Environ Pollut. 2021;268(Pt A):115859. doi: 1016/j.envpol.2020.115859.
  86. Wu X, Nethery RC, Sabath MB, Braun D, Dominici F. Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: a nationwide cross-sectional study. medRxiv [Preprint]. April 27, 2020. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.05.20054502v2.
  87. Tecer LH, Alagha O, Karaca F, Tuncel G, Eldes N. Particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10-2.5, and PM10) and children’s hospital admissions for asthma and respiratory diseases: a bidirectional case-crossover study. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2008;71(8):512-20. doi: 1080/15287390801907459.
  88. Fan J, Li S, Fan C, Bai Z, Yang K. The impact of PM2.5 on asthma emergency department visits: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016;23(1):843-50. doi: 1007/s11356-015-5321-x.
  89. Liang D, Shi L, Zhao J, Liu P, Sarnat JA, Gao S, et al. Urban air pollution may enhance COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in the United States. Innovation (Camb). 2020;1(3):100047. doi: 1016/j.xinn.2020.100047.
  90. Dettori M, Pittaluga P, Busonera G, Gugliotta C, Azara A, Piana A, et al. Environmental risks perception among citizens living near industrial plants: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13):4870. doi: 3390/ijerph17134870.
  91. Lowen AC, Mubareka S, Steel J, Palese P. Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature. PLoS Pathog. 2007;3(10):1470-6. doi: 1371/journal.ppat.0030151.
  92. Ho CC, Hung SC, Ho WC. Effects of short- and long-term exposure to atmospheric pollution on COVID-19 risk and fatality: analysis of the first epidemic wave in northern Italy. Environ Res. 2021;199:111293. doi: 1016/j.envres.2021.111293.
  93. Lim YK, Kweon OJ, Kim HR, Kim TH, Lee MK. The impact of environmental variables on the spread of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):5977. doi: 1038/s41598-021-85493-y.
  94. Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. New urban models for more sustainable, liveable and healthier cities post COVID-19; reducing air pollution, noise and heat island effects and increasing green space and physical activity. Environ Int. 2021;157:106850. doi: 1016/j.envint.2021.106850.
  95. World Health Organization (WHO). The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. WHO; 2002.
  96. Koksoy Vayisoglu S, Oncu E. The use of cleaning products and its relationship with the increasing health risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(10):e14534. doi: 1111/ijcp.14534.
  97. Kumar V, Singh SB, Singh S. COVID-19: environment concern and impact of Indian medicinal system. J Environ Chem Eng. 2020;8(5):104144. doi: 1016/j.jece.2020.104144.
  98. Shao W, Xie J, Zhu Y. Mediation by human mobility of the association between temperature and COVID-19 transmission rate. Environ Res. 2021;194:110608. doi: 1016/j.envres.2020.110608.
  99. Sajadi MM, Habibzadeh P, Vintzileos A, Shokouhi S, Miralles-Wilhelm F, Amoroso A. Temperature, humidity, and latitude analysis to predict potential spread and seasonality for COVID-19. SSRN [Preprint]. March 9, 2020. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32714105/.
  100. Bashir MF, Ma B, Bilal, Komal B, Bashir MA, Tan D, et al. Correlation between climate indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in New York, USA. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728:138835. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138835.
  101. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13. doi: 1016/s0140-6736(20)30211-7.
  102. Ghale Askari S, Khatbasreh M, Ehrampoush MH, Sheikhha MH, Eslami H, Taghavi M, et al. The relationship between environmental exposures and hormonal abnormalities in pregnant women: an epidemiological study in Yazd, Iran. Women Birth. 2018;31(3):e204-e9. doi: 1016/j.wombi.2017.09.002.
  103. Rimoldi SG, Stefani F, Gigantiello A, Polesello S, Comandatore F, Mileto D, et al. Presence and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewaters and rivers. Sci Total Environ. 2020;744:140911. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140911.
  104. Zambrano-Monserrate MA, Ruano MA, Sanchez-Alcalde L. Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728:138813. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138813.
  105. García-Ávila F, Valdiviezo-Gonzales L, Cadme-Galabay M, Gutiérrez-Ortega H, Altamirano-Cárdenas L, Arévalo CZ, et al. Considerations on water quality and the use of chlorine in times of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in the community. Case Stud Chem Environ Eng. 2020;2:100049. doi: 1016/j.cscee.2020.100049.
  106. Wurtzer S, Waldman P, Ferrier-Rembert A, Frenois-Veyrat G, Mouchel JM, Boni M, et al. Several forms of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in wastewaters: implication for wastewater-based epidemiology and risk assessment. Water Res. 2021;198:117183. doi: 1016/j.watres.2021.117183.
  107. Lodder W, de Roda Husman AM. SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: potential health risk, but also data source. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(6):533-4. doi: 1016/s2468-1253(20)30087-x.
  108. Wu F, Zhang J, Xiao A, Gu X, Lee WL, Armas F, et al. SARS-CoV-2 titers in wastewater are higher than expected from clinically confirmed cases. mSystems. 2020;5(4):e00614-20. doi: 1128/mSystems.00614-20.
  109. Wu F, Xiao A, Zhang J, Moniz K, Endo N, Armas F, et al. SARS-CoV-2 titers in wastewater foreshadow dynamics and clinical presentation of new COVID-19 cases. medRxiv [Preprint]. July 6, 2020. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.20117747v2.
  110. Capoor MR, Parida A. Current perspectives of biomedical waste management in context of COVID-19”. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2021;39(2):171-8. doi: 1016/j.ijmmb.2021.03.003.
  111. Das AK, Islam MN, Billah MM, Sarker A. COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare solid waste management strategy - a mini-review. Sci Total Environ. 2021;778:146220. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146220.
  112. Cook TM. Personal protective equipment during the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic - a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2020;75(7):920-7. doi: 1111/anae.15071.
  113. Hirschmann MT, Hart A, Henckel J, Sadoghi P, Seil R, Mouton C. COVID-19 coronavirus: recommended personal protective equipment for the orthopaedic and trauma surgeon. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(6):1690-8. doi: 1007/s00167-020-06022-4.
  114. Berry G, Parsons A, Morgan M, Rickert J, Cho H. A review of methods to reduce the probability of the airborne spread of COVID-19 in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. Environ Res. 2022;203:111765. doi: 1016/j.envres.2021.111765.
  115. Fadaei A. Ventilation systems and COVID-19 spread: evidence from a systematic review study. Eur J Sustain Dev Res. 2021;5(2):1-7. doi: 21601/ejosdr/10845.
  116. Ilyas S, Srivastava RR, Kim H. Disinfection technology and strategies for COVID-19 hospital and bio-medical waste management. Sci Total Environ. 2020;749:141652. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141652.
  117. Mofijur M, Fattah IMR, Alam MA, Islam A, Ong HC, Rahman SMA, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on the social, economic, environmental and energy domains: lessons learnt from a global pandemic. Sustain Prod Consum. 2021;26:343-59. doi: 1016/j.spc.2020.10.016.
  118. Dutheil F, Baker JS, Navel V. COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution? Environ Pollut. 2020;263(Pt A):114466. doi: 1016/j.envpol.2020.114466.
  119. Khan YA. Risk of mortality due to COVID-19 and air pollution in Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022;29(2):2063-72. doi: 1007/s11356-021-15654-z.
  120. Haque SE, Rahman M. Association between temperature, humidity, and COVID-19 outbreaks in Bangladesh. Environ Sci Policy. 2020;114:253-5. doi: 1016/j.envsci.2020.08.012.
  121. Kataki S, Chatterjee S, Vairale MG, Sharma S, Dwivedi SK. Concerns and strategies for wastewater treatment during COVID-19 pandemic to stop plausible transmission. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2021;164:105156. doi: 1016/j.resconrec.2020.105156.
  122. Wu F, Xiao A, Zhang J, Moniz K, Endo N, Armas F, et al. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater foreshadow dynamics and clinical presentation of new COVID-19 cases. Sci Total Environ. 2022;805:150121. doi: 1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150121.
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
Volume 12, Issue 3
Summer 2024
Pages 122-133