Identification and Mapping of Environmentally Sensitive Areas of the Coastal Strip of Guilan Province

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Environment, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Physical Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

10.32598/JAEHR.9.1.1206

Abstract

Background: Oil spills caused by releasing liquid petroleum can spread on the coastal strip and affect coastal ecosystems, causing severe damage to the coastline environment and crisis in local communities. This study aimed to identify and map the environmentally sensitive areas of the coastal strip of Guilan Province, Iran, to oil spills using the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI).
Methods: The data required for the present study were collected through field studies, the GPS device, topographic maps of 1.25000 of the National Mapping Organization, maps of protected areas of the Environmental Protection Organization, satellite images, data of Guilan Province Industry, Mine and Trade Organization, and other relevant agencies. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) method and ESI were used to determine the sensitivity of the coastal strip of Guilan Province to oil spills. Moreover, to determine the weights of the criteria studied in the NOAA method, the analytic hierarchy process was used.
Results: The final results of the study of the environmental sensitivity of the coastal strip of Guilan Province to oil spills showed that 21.15%, 39.66%, and 39.19% of the coastal strip have low, medium, and high sensitivity, respectively.
Conclusion: High sensitivity mainly was related to the eastern part of the coast, located at the banks of estuaries of current rivers. Low sensitivity was also located along the seafront on fine- to medium-grained sand beaches, where less damaged in the event of oil spill pollution.

Keywords

References

  1. Danehkar A, Madjnonian H. [Proposed criteria for assessing coastal-marine areas in order to determine the coastal-marine protected areas of Iran (Case study: Assessment of protected areas on the Caspian Sea coast) (Persian)]. J Environ Stud. 2004; 30 (35):9-32. https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_11057_01b56c8e53acd9f7949961f4050d74b5.pdf
  2. Saeb K, Karami Rad Sh. [Environmental evaluation of shoreline zone of Abbas Aabad township to oil spill according to ESI (Persian)]. J Wetl Ecobiol. 2019; 10(4):97-111. http://jweb.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article-1-741-fa.html
  3. Harley CD, Randall Hughes A, Hultgren KM, Miner BG, Sorte CJ, Thornber CS, et al. The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems. Ecol Lett. 2006; 9(2):228-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00871.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00871.x] [PMID]
  4. Ramos E, Puente A, Juanes JA. An ecological classification of rocky shores at a regional scale: A predictive tool for management of conservation values. Mar Ecol. 2016; 37(2):311-28. [DOI:10.1111/maec.12280]
  5. Fox CH, O’hara PD, Bertazzon S, Morgan K, Underwood FE, Paquet PC. A preliminary spatial assessment of risk: Marine birds and chronic oil pollution on Canada’s Pacific coast. Sci Total Environ. 2016; 573:799-809. [DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.145] [PMID]
  6. Stienen EW, Courtens W, Van de wall M, Vanermen N, Verstraete H. Long-term monitoring study of beached seabirds shows that chronic oil pollution in the southern North Sea has almost halted. Mar Pollut Bull. 2017; 115(1-2):194-200. [DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.019 [PMID]] [PMID]
  7. Mapelli F, Scoma A, Michoud G, Aulenta F, Boon N, Borin S, et al. Biotechnologies for marine oil spill cleanup: Indissoluble ties with microorganisms. Trends Biotechnol. 2017; 35(9):860-70. [DOI:10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.04.003 [PMID]] [PMID]
  8. Smith AB, Cerasuolo G, Perales JA, Anfuso G. Environmental sensitivity maps: The northern coast of Gibraltar Strait example. J Coast Res. 2011: 875-9. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26482298
  9. Gundlach ER, Hayes MO. Vulnerability of coastal environments to oil spill impacts. Mar Technol Soc J. 1978; 12(4):18-27. https://www.oil-spill-info.com/Publications/1978_MTS_Vulnerability_ESI.pdf
  10. Petersen J. Environmental sensitivity index guidelines: Version 3.0. Seattle, Washington: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment [Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division]; 2002. https://www.worldcat.org/title/environmental-sensitivity-index-guidelines-version-30/oclc/49918163&referer=brief_results
  11. Lorenzo H, Rial FI, Arias P, Armesto J. Fighting against coastal oil spill pollution by means of ground-based radar. J Coast Res. 2009; SI(56):846-50. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1683506263?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
  12. Azevedo A, Oliveira A, Fortunato AB, Bertin X. Application of an Eulerian-Lagrangian oil spill modeling system to the prestige accident: Trajectory analysis. J Coast Res. 2009; Special Issue (56):777-81. https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25737522
  13. Sepehr M, Jamalzadeh Fallah F, Jamalzadeh H, Gholamreza Fahimi F, Shabani Kasbakhi R. [Application of Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea in the eastern part of Guilan province (Persian)]. Mar Biol. 2018; 9(4):67-82. http://jmb.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article-1-634-fa.html
  14. Rustandi Y, Damar A, Rakasiwi G, Afandy A, Hamdani A, Mulyana D. Environmental sensitivity index mapping as a prevention strategy against oil spill pollution: A case study on the coastal area of South Sumatera Province in Indonesia. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2020; 414(1):012019). [DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/414/1/012019]
  15. Abou Samra RM, Eissa R, El-Gammal M. Applying the environmental sensitivity index for the assessment of the prospective oil spills along the Nile Delta Coast, Egypt. Geocarto Int. 2020; 35(6):589-601. [DOI:10.1080/10106049.2018.1533592]
  16. Hernawan U, Risdianto RK. Oil Spill Contingency Plan (OSCP) by environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) analysis at East Barito District, South Barito District and Kapuas District (Tamiang Layang, Buntok and surrounding area), Central Kalimantan Province. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2020; 500(1):012026. [DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/500/1/012026]
  17. Alizadeh H. [Introduction to the characteristics of the Caspian Sea (Persian)]. Tehran: Norbakhsh; 2004. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/736644
  18. Xu H. Modification of Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery. Int J Remote Sens. 2006; 27(14):3025-33. [DOI:10.1080/01431160600589179]
  19. Mansoori J. [A guide to the birds of Iran (Persian)]. Tehran: Farzaneh; 2013. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/3234038
  20. Birshtain YA. [Atlas of invertebrates of the Caspian Sea (Persian)]. Tehran: Iranian Fishiers Research Institute; 1968. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/611786
  21. Hassan Abbasi NA. [Water plants (Persian)]. Gorgan: Phenomenon Natural Sciences; 1998. http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/582741
  22. Grimaldi CS, Casciello D, Coviello I, Lacava T, Pergola N, Tramutoli V. Satellite oil spill detection and monitoring in the optical range. Honolulu: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium; 2010. [DOI:10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5651967]
  23. Mityagina MI, Lavrova OY. Multi-sensor satellite survey of surface oil pollution in the Caspian Sea. Paper presented at: Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions. 14 October 2015; Toulouse, France. [DOI:10.1117/12.2194511]
  24. Holstein A, Kappas M, Propastin P, Renchin T. Oil spill detection in the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea with the help of ENVISAT ASAR data. Environ Earth Sci. 2018; 77(5):1. [DOI:10.1007/s12665-018-7347-0]
  25. Ji L, Geng X, Sun K, Zhao Y, Gong P. Target detection method for water mapping using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery. Water. 2015; 7(2):794-817. [DOI:10.3390/w7020794]
  26. Acharya TD, Lee DH, Yang IT, Lee JK. Identification of water bodies in a Landsat 8 OLI image using a J48 decision tree. Sensors. 2016; 16(7):1075. [DOI:10.3390/s16071075] [PMID] [PMCID]
  27. Mondejar JP, Tongco AF. Near infrared band of Landsat 8 as water index: A case study around Cordova and Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu, Philippines. Sustain Environ Res. 2019; 29(1):1-5. [DOI:10.1186/s42834-019-0016-5]
  28. US Fish, Wildlife Service. Effects of oil on wildlife and habitat. US: [Anchorage, AK?]: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Alaska Region; 2004. https://www.worldcat.org/title/effects-of-oil-spills-on-wildlife and-habitat/oclc/664683072&referer=brief_results
  29. Zengel S, Pennings SC, Silliman B, Montague C, Weaver J, Deis DR, et al. Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacts on salt marsh fiddler crabs (Uca spp.). Estuaries Coast. 2016; 39(4):1154-63. [DOI:10.1007/s12237-016-0072-6]
  30. Beyer J, Trannum HC, Bakke T, Hodson PV, Collier TK. Environmental effects of the deepwater horizon oil spill: A review. Mar Pollut Bull. 2016; 110(1):28-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.027 [DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.027] [PMID]
  31. Hernawan U, Risdianto RK. Oil Spill Contingency Plan (OSCP) by Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) analysis at East Barito District, South Barito District and Kapuas District (Tamiang Layang, Buntok and surrounding area), Central Kalimantan Province. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2020; 500(1):012026. [DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/500/1/012026]
  32. Habibi S, Sharifipour R, Danehkar A. [Investigation of physical sensitivity of Hormozgan shore line by Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) guidelines (Persian)]. J Oceanogr. 2014; 4(16):95-100. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=240045
  33. Fatemi S, Jamalzadeh H, Fahimi F, Sepehr M. [Study on shoreline of Tonekabon (Iran) by using Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps (Persian)]. J Mar Biol. 2012; 4(1):77-90. http://jmb.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.html

 

Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
Volume 9, Issue 1
March 2021
Pages 69-78

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics