Treatment of natural rubber industry wastewater through a combination of physicochemical and ozonation processes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Safety Promotion & Injury Prevention Research Center AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

3 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health , University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In any type of rubber product manufacturing (including tires), the primary concerns are environmental. The aim of the present study was to survey a treatment combination of ozonation and physicochemical processes in the rubber industry. Wastewater samples were collected from the discharge unit of the rubber processing sewage system in Kerman Barez Tire Factory, Kerman, Iran. The wastewater samples used for chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and oil and grease determinations were collected directly into bottles. After collection, samples were transferred to the laboratory for examination. The 2 methods of physicochemical process and ozonation process were used to treat wastewater. The study results suggest that the use of a chemical coagulation process with ferric chloride (FeCl3.7H2O) in the first stage of this study reduced COD by 37% of the original amount (0.56 g/l). The optimum dosage and pH range were 0.775 g/l and 6.5, respectively. When using Al2(SO4)3, the COD reduction rate was 42%, and the optimum dosage and pH range were, respectively, 0.45 g/l and 6.5-7. After the ozonation process, COD was reduced by 70.75% and 90.6%. In accordance with these results and with respect to the high contamination load of this industry’s wastewater and its many environmental hazards, the complete treatment of this industry’s wastewater is crucial. One scientific and practical approach to wastewater treatment is the use of a combination of processes. 

Keywords

References

  1. Asia IO, Akporhonor EE. Characterization and physicochemical treatment of wastewater from rubber processing factory. Int J Phys Sci 2007; 2(3): 061-97.
  2. Babel S, Rungruang N. Treatment of natural rubber processing wastewater by combination of ozonation and activated sludge process. Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Research and Technology (ICERT 2008); 2008 May 28-30; Penang, Malaysia.
  3. Emongor V, Nkegbe E, Kealotswe B, Koorapetse I, Sankwasa S, Keikanetswe S. Pollution Indicators in Gaborone Industrial Effluent. J Appl Sci 2005; 5(1): 147-50.
  4. Mohammadi M, Man HC, Hassan MA, Yee PL. Treatment of wastewater from rubber industry in Malaysia. Afr J Biotechnol 2010; 9(38): 6233-43.
  5. Hutagalung R. Use of carbohydrate residues in Malaysia. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium of the International Society for. Tropical Root Crops held at CIAT; 1976 Aug 1-7; Cali, Colombia.
  6. Tekasakul P, Tekasakul S. Present Status, Problems and Future Activities on Atmospheric Environmental Problems in South East Asian Developing Countries-Environmental Problems Related to Natural Rubber Production in Thailand. Earozoru Kenkyu 2006; 21(2):122-9.
  7. Kannan A, Ranjithkumar P, Palpandi P. Status of common grazing and pasture land and livestock population in Madurai district: An environmental perspective. Zenith Int J Bus Economics Manag Res 2013; 3(8): 1-8.
  8. Kantachote D, Torpee S, Umsakul K. The potential use of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria for treating latex rubber sheet wastewater. Electron J Biotechnol 2005; 8(3): 314-23.
  9. Anotai J, Tontisirin P, Churod P. Integrated treatment scheme for rubber thread wastewater: sulfide precipitation and biological processes. J Hazard Mater 2007; 141(1): 1-7.
  10. Rosman NH, Nor Anuar A, Othman I, Harun H, Sulong Abdul Razak MZ, Elias SH, et al. Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge for rubber wastewater treatment. Bioresour Technol 2013; 129: 620-3.
  11. Polprasert C. Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: principles and practices. In: Wong MH, Editor. Wetlands ecosystems in Asia: function and management. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2004. p. 285-310.
  12. Vijayaraghavan K, Krishnan D, Ahmad Yazid AY. Electrolytic treatment of latex waste water. Desalination 2008; 219(1): 214-21.
  13. Harunsyah MK, Sulaiman NM, Aroua MK. Ultrafiltration using gas sparging technique for treatment of natural rubber effluent [Online]. [cited 2003]; Available from: URL:
  14. http://repository.um.edu.my/id/eprint/64208
  15. Afzal A, Pourrezaei P, Ding N, Moustafa A, Hwang G, Drzewicz P, et al. Physico-chemical processes. Water Environ Res 2011; 83(10): 994-1091.
  16. Armeanu M, Cincu C, Zaharia C, Degeratu CN, Tudora RM. Active polymers for water treatment. Mater Plast 2010; 47(3): 274-7.
  17. Bes-Pia A, Mendoza-Roca JA, Alcaina-Miranda MI, Iborra-Clar A, Iborra-Clar MI. Reuse of wastewater of the textile industry after its treatment with a combination of physico-chemical treatment and membrane technologies. Desalination 2002; 149(1): 169-74.
  18. Aragones-Beltran P, Mendoza-Roca JA, Bes-Pia A, Garcia-Melon M, Parra-Ruiz E. Application of multicriteria decision analysis to jar-test results for chemicals selection in the physical-chemical treatment of textile wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2009; 164(1): 288-95.
  19. Clark T, Stephenson T. Development of a jar testing protocol for chemical phosphorus removal in activated sludge using statistical experimental design. Water Res 1999; 33(7): 1730-4.
  20. Sinha S, Yoon Y, Amy G, Yoon J. Determining the effectiveness of conventional and alternative coagulants through effective characterization schemes. Chemosphere 2004; 57(9): 1115-22.
  21. Greenberg AE. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 1981.
  22. Clesceri LS. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 1998.
  23. Shechter H. Spectrophotometric method for determination of ozone in aqueous solutions. Water Research 1973; 7(5): 729-39.
  24. Bradley LG, Pattanayak SK, Depro BM, Bingham TH. Economic Analysis of the Rubber Tire Manufacturing MACT [Online]. [cited 2000]; Avaiable from: URL:
  25. https://www3.epa.gov/ttnecas1/regdata/IPs/Rubber%20Tire%20Manufacturing_IP.pdf
  26. Rivas J, Prazeres AR, Carvalho F, Beltran F. Treatment of cheese whey wastewater: combined coagulation-flocculation and aerobic biodegradation. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58(13): 7871-7.
  27. Lenes D, Deboosere N, Menard-Szczebara F, Jossent J, Alexandre V, Machinal C, et al. Assessment of the removal and inactivation of influenza viruses H5N1 and H1N1 by drinking water treatment. Water Res 2010; 44(8): 2473-86.
  28. Liang Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Liu H, Wu Z. Stoichiometric relationship in the coagulation of melanoidins-dominated molasses wastewater. Desalination 2010; 250(1): 42-8.
  29. Ozkan O, Mihciokur H, Azgin ST, Ozdemir O. Characterisation of medical-waste sterilisation-plant wastewater and a preliminary study of coagulation-flocculation treatment options. Water Sci Technol 2010; 62(2): 266-72.
  30. Tunay O, Kocabas E, Olmez-Hanci T, Kabdasli I. Characterization and treatability of latex and pva based paint production wastewaters. Fresen Environ Bull 2010; 19(9): 1884-8.
  31. Chiavola A, Farabegoli G, Rolle E. Combined biological and chemical-physical process for olive mill wastewater treatment. Desalin Water Treat 1987; 23(1-3): 135-40.
  32. Kiril MB, Yonar T, Yalili KM, Kestioglu K. Pre-treatment studies on olive oil mill effluent using physicochemical, Fenton and Fenton-like oxidations processes. J Hazard Mater 2010; 174(1-3): 122-8.
  33. Castrillon L, Fernandez-Nava Y, Ulmanu M, Anger I, Maranon E. Physico-chemical and biological treatment of MSW landfill leachate. Waste Manag 2010; 30(2): 228-35.
  34. Samadi MT, Saghi MH, Rahmani A, Hasanvand J, Rahimi S, Shirzad Sibani M. Hamadan landfill leachate treatment by coagulation-flocculation process. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 2010; 7(3): 253-8.
  35. Zazouli MA, Maleki A, Izanloo H. Assessment of raw leachate characteristics and its pretreatment by lime. Asian J Chem 2010; 22(8): 6155-63.
  36. Maranon E, Castrillon L, Fernandez-Nava Y, Fernandez-Mendez A, Fernandez-Sanchez A. Colour, turbidity and COD removal from old landfill leachate by coagulation-flocculation treatment. Waste Manag Res 2010; 28(8): 731-7.
  37. Sam S, Yukselen MA, Zorba M, Gregory J. The Effect of Ozone on the Reversibility of Floc Breakage: Suspensions with High Humic Acid Content. Ozone: science & engineering 2010; 23(6): 435-43.
  38. Avsar Y, Batibay A. Ozone application as an alternative method to the chemical treatment technique for textile wastewater. Fresen Environ Bull 2010; 19(12): 2788-94.
  39. Demin Y. Treatment of toxic phenolic wastewater by advanced ozone oxidization [Online]. [cited 2010]; Available from: URL:
  40. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-CPPP201003024.htm
  41. Orta de Velasquez MT, Campos-Reales-Pineda AE, Monje-Ramirez I, Noguez Y. Ozone application during coagulation of wastewater: effect on dissolved organic matter. Ozone: science & engineering 2010; 32(5): 323-8.
  42. Lafi WK, Al-Anber M, Al-Anber ZA, Al-shannag M, Khalil A. Coagulation and advanced oxidation processes in the treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW). Desalin Water Treat 2010; 24(1-3): 251-6.
  43. Hernandez-Ortega M, Ponziak T, Barrera-Diaz C, Rodrigo MA, Roa-Morales G, Bilyeu B. Use of a combined electrocoagulation-ozone process as a pre-treatment for industrial wastewater. Desalination 2010; 250(1): 144-9.
  44. Verma S, Prasad B, Mishra IM. Pretreatment of petrochemical wastewater by coagulation and flocculation and the sludge characteristics. J Hazard Mater 2010; 178(1-3): 1055-64.
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
Volume 3, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
14
Autumn 2015
Pages 242-249

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics