Maleki, A., Ghahremani, E., Zandsalimi, Y., Teymouri, P., Daraei, H., Rezaee, R., Bahmani, P., Davari, B., Naghipour-Khalkhaliani, D., Kalantar, E. (2014). Temporal and spatial variation of drinking water quality in a number of Divandareh villages, Iran: With emphasis on fluoride distribution. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 2(3), -. doi: 10.22102/jaehr.2014.40160
Afshin Maleki; Esmail Ghahremani; Yahya Zandsalimi; Pari Teymouri; Hiua Daraei; Reza Rezaee; Pegah Bahmani; Behroz Davari; Dariush Naghipour-Khalkhaliani; Enayatollah Kalantar. "Temporal and spatial variation of drinking water quality in a number of Divandareh villages, Iran: With emphasis on fluoride distribution". Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 2, 3, 2014, -. doi: 10.22102/jaehr.2014.40160
Maleki, A., Ghahremani, E., Zandsalimi, Y., Teymouri, P., Daraei, H., Rezaee, R., Bahmani, P., Davari, B., Naghipour-Khalkhaliani, D., Kalantar, E. (2014). 'Temporal and spatial variation of drinking water quality in a number of Divandareh villages, Iran: With emphasis on fluoride distribution', Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 2(3), pp. -. doi: 10.22102/jaehr.2014.40160
Maleki, A., Ghahremani, E., Zandsalimi, Y., Teymouri, P., Daraei, H., Rezaee, R., Bahmani, P., Davari, B., Naghipour-Khalkhaliani, D., Kalantar, E. Temporal and spatial variation of drinking water quality in a number of Divandareh villages, Iran: With emphasis on fluoride distribution. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 2014; 2(3): -. doi: 10.22102/jaehr.2014.40160
Temporal and spatial variation of drinking water quality in a number of Divandareh villages, Iran: With emphasis on fluoride distribution
1Kurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
2Department of Entomology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Abstract
Fluoride is found in all water resources at different concentrations and drinking water is the major source of fluoride exposure. Thus, because of the adverse effect of fluoride in low and high concentrations, the evaluation of its content in drinking water is necessary. In the present study, the temporal variations and spatial distribution of fluoride concentrations in the drinking water of villages in Divandareh (Kurdistan, Iran) were determined. Thus, 30 villages were selected and 180 groundwater samples were taken in 2 dry and wet seasons in the year of 2013. The concentrations of fluoride and other anions were measured using the ion chromatography (IC) method. Geospatial analysis of the data was performed using the ArcGIS geographical information system (GIS) software. The results showed that the average fluoride concentration in drinking water ranged from 0.136 to 0.736 mg/l; 90.56% of samples had a concentration less than 0.50 mg F/l, and the rest had concentrations between 0.51 and 1.0 mg F/L. Based on the results of the nonparametric Wilcoxon test, a significant difference was found between the concentrations of fluoride in the two-stage sampling (P < 0.01).
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