Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34781120130101Correlation of air pollutants with land use and traffic measures in Tehran, Iran: A preliminary statistical analysis for land use regression modeling184011810.22102/jaehr.2013.40118ENHassanAminiKurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj AND
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, IranSeyed-MahmoodTaghavi-ShahriResearch Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom AND Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranKazemNaddafiCenter for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRaminNabizadehDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMasudYunesianCenter for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20130415Land use regression (LUR) models have been globally used to estimate long-term air pollution exposures. The present study aimed to analyze the association of different land use types and traffic measures with air pollutants in Tehran, Iran, as part of the future development of LUR models. Data of the particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were extracted from 23 Tehran’s air quality monitors for 2010. The data of different land use types and traffic measures within the circular buffer radii 100 to 1000 meters and distances to them were calculated using Geographic Information System (GIS). Thereafter, the association of the mentioned air pollutants was evaluated with land use types and traffic measures. The annual average concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NO2 were 100.8 µg/m3, 38 parts per billion (ppb), and 53.2 ppb, respectively. The PM10 was associated with transportation area, other areas, and with distance to the other nearest land use (P < 0.05). The SO2 concentration was associated with official or commercial land use, and with other area land use (P < 0.05). Noteworthy, the NO2 concentration was associated with official or commercial land use, and with other areas (P < 0.05). The air pollutant concentrations was analyzed with different land use types and traffic measures as a preliminary work for development of LUR models in Tehran. It is hoped these analyses lead to successful development of LUR models in the near future. https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40118_94ae76abfd4a0a692a11c54041f5c0b1.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34781120130101Assessment of ultrasound irradiation on inactivation of gram negative and positive bacteria isolated from hospital in aqueous solution9144011910.22102/jaehr.2013.40119ENAfshinMalekiKurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0001-8261-8717BehzadShahmoradiKurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0002-2120-4518HiuaDaraeiKurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranEnayatollahKalantarDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IranJournal Article20130415Microbial contamination of water poses a major threat to public health. With the emergence of microorganisms resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, there is increased request for promotion of disinfection methods. Since ultrasound wave (US) exhibits antibacterial activities on bacteria, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of low frequency (37 kHz) ultrasound on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as a model for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Sonolysis experiment was carried out in a laboratory-scale batch sonoreactor equipped with plate type transducer at 400 W of acoustic power in the presence and absence of ampicillin as an antibiotic on the both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. All of the bacteria were affected by the ultrasound and an increase in percent kill for both bacteria occurred with increasing duration of exposure and intensity of ultrasound. It was found that gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to the ultrasonic treatment rather than gram-positive bacteria. In addition, the combination of US with an antibiotic (ampicillin) enhanced killing of both bacteria over the use of US alone. The rate of bactericide effect of US wave was increased in samples containing ampicillin. This process was influenced by the chemical and microbiological characteristics of aqueous media. Therefore, with further research about its practicality for treatment of wastewater, it may become a possible substitute process for wastewater disinfection.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40119_82dd5a905e59accb6f62295917517991.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34781120130101Effluent quality of ammonia unit in Razi petrochemical complex15204012010.22102/jaehr.2013.40120ENNadaliAlaviEnvironmental Technologies Research Center AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranPayamAmir-HeidariDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranRozaAzadiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranAli-AkbarBabaeiEnvironmental Technologies Research Center AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-7225-1568Journal Article20130418Establishment of great industrial centers and ports along the Khur-Musa Estuary in Mahshahr Port (Khuzestan, Iran) have been discharged a high volume of industrial and non-industrial pollutants to this estuary. The most important pollutants in Khur-Musa include industrial wastes and effluents including ammonia and urea units. This research aimed to survey the qualitative parameters of effluent of ammonia unit No. 3 in Razi petrochemical complex, and comparing these parameters to the allowable effluent discharge standards in Iran. The main objective of this study was to investigate the performance of this unit, and providing proper solutions to solve the existing problems. Thus, at first, the process of production and sources of pollutants in the effluent were recognized and sampling points were determined. The data were collected by examinations on parameters chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrite ion (NO2), nitrate ion (NO3), pH, and (ammonia ion) NH4, during a consecutive six-month period. The results of the measurements were recorded monthly, weekly, and daily. The results showed that the COD and the concentration of ammonia and nitrate ions in the effluent of studied unit were considerably higher than allowable values stated in the national standards of Iran. Comparison between stated parameters in the six-month period of sampling indicated a more desirable trend for the value of studied parameters in the last month of the study (September). In order to upgrading effluent treatment system, an effective action plan could be provided to optimize the current status of effluent from ammonia unit in Razi petrochemical complex. https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40120_f1ac05f17b46ec530353d295ff77c508.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34781120130101Investigation of potato peel-based bio-sorbent efficiency in reactive dye removal: Artificial neural network modeling and genetic algorithms optimization21284012110.22102/jaehr.2013.40121ENAfshinMalekiKurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0001-8261-8717HiuaDaraeiKurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranFarzanehKhodaeiKurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranKolsumBayazid-AghdamKurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranRezaRezaeeKurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0003-2314-6697AliNaghizadehDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Birjand University of Medical
Sciences, Birjand, IranJournal Article20130427Over the last few years, a number of investigations have been conducted to explore the low cost sorbents for the decontamination of toxic materials. Undoubtedly, agricultural waste mass is presently one of the most challenging topics, which has been gaining attention during the past several decades. Wastes are very cheap and easily available material in production of sorbent. Therefore, the Reactive Red 198 (RR198) removal efficiency from aqueous solutions by potato peel powder based sorbent (PP) was examined in this study. The Taguchi method was used in combination with full factorial methods to design the experiments. Based on the design of experiment outputs, 18 experimental sets were designed and the experiments were done in accordance with the experimental design. The sorption handmade batch reactor consists of a 200 ml beaker, 100 RPM magnetic stirrer, and a sampling port. Then, the experimental data were collected under desired conditions. In each sample sorbent was separated using a centrifuge (3000 rpm and 5 minutes). Then, dye concentrations were determined based on Beer’s law and calibration plots using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The wavelength resolution and the bandwidth were, respectively, 1 and 0.4 nm. The length of the optical path in glass cell was 1 cm. The maximum absorption wavelength was determined in each run to compensate the matrix effects. The results revealed that PP is effective for the sorption of RR198 from aqueous solutions. The maximum sorption of PP from RR198 solution was determined as 93 mg/g. Artificial neural network (ANN) model of dye removal efficiency (DR%) was developed based on the experimental data sets. The ANN model was strongly validated using statistical tests. The R2 and RMSE of the test set were 0.98 and 4.3, respectively. The results demonstrate that PP can be successfully used as sorbent for RR198 removal from aqueous solutions. The results revealed that experimental parameters strongly influence the DR% and different experimental conditions cause different DR% (from 0 to 93). https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40121_9e93087b5c0158b50884f9c44a535944.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34781120130101Heavy metal contamination in soil and some medicinal plant species in Ahangaran lead-zinc mine, Iran29344012210.22102/jaehr.2013.40122ENMehrdadCheraghiDepartment of the Environment, School of Basic Sciences, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, IranSeyed-MeysamMosaviniaDepartment of the Environment, School of Basic Sciences, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, IranBaharehLorestaniDepartment of the Environment, School of Basic Sciences, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, IranJournal Article20130429Ahangaran lead-zinc mining area located in the west part of Iran is a mountainous region. In this study, medical plants and soils from 3 different sites in this area were collected in spring 2012. Soil and medical plants were analyzed for heavy metals [lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu)] concentrations using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometer (Varian 710-Es) and the physical properties of soils [(pH) and electrical conductivity (EC)] were measured. Soil and medical plants of the mineralized zone and surrounding areas have higher heavy metal contamination (P < 0.05) as compared to the reference site, which can be attributed to the dispersion of metals due to mining. This high heavy metal contamination may pose potential threats to local medical plants and soil of Ahangaran region. Furthermore, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil surrounding the mine were higher than the US environmental protection agency (USEPA) standard, and the concentration of Pb in medical plant species surrounding the mine was higher than the world health organization (WHO) standard for edible plants (P < 0.05). https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40122_80a777588c741a17fd957b8b989dd4c7.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34781120130101Mobility of zinc and copper in contaminated clay soil influenced by Actinidia deliciosa and incubation times35434012310.22102/jaehr.2013.40123ENBaharehLorestaniDepartment of Environment, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, IranHajarMerrikhpourDepartment of Environment, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, IranSanazAshoorlooDepartment of Environment, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, IranMehrdadCheraghiDepartment of Environment, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, IranJournal Article20130429As a low cost byproduct, Actinidia deliciosa shell can be made into sorbent materials which are used in heavy metals immobilization. It has been investigated as a replacement for currently expensive methods of heavy metal immobilization from soil. In this study, soil samples were contaminated with copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) at the rate of 600 ppm in separate dishes. The 5% Actinidia deliciosa shell was added into the samples. The samples were incubated for 3 hours, and 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days at 28° C with constant moisture. After incubation, metals in contaminated soil with Actinidia deliciosa shell and control soils were fractionated by the sequential extraction procedure. The results of this study indicated that addition of Actinidia deliciosa shell led to increased organic matter fraction and stabilized Cu and Zn in contaminated soil. In the control soils, the dominating chemical form for Zn and Cu were Fe-Mn oxides and residual, respectively. Sequential extraction also revealed that the addition of Actinidia deliciosa decreased the easily accessible fraction of Zn through the transformation into less accessible fractions. The experiment was performed in three replicates and two treatments.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40123_721884708856a1b9b60f770bbb79e790.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34781120130101Effect of Azolla filiculoides on removal of reactive red 198 in aqueous solution44504012410.22102/jaehr.2013.40124ENMohammad-AliZazouliDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranDavoudBalarakStudent Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran0000-0003-3679-9726YusefMahdaviStudent Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranJournal Article20130419The textile dyes are considered as major environmental problems. The dyes can be removed by various methods. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the adsorption rate of Reactive Red 198 (RR198) from aqueous solution by activated Azolla filiculoides. This was an empirical-lab study. The Azolla was used as an adsorbent to remove Reactive Red 198 dye. The effect of various parameters was investigated on adsorbent performance and the adsorption isotherms were determined. The dye concentration was measured by spectrophotometer (DR4000) in λmax = 518 nm. The results indicated that A. filiculoides biosorbent had a large specific surface area (36 m2/g). Using the Langmuir equation, the biosorption capacity (qm) for RR198 was 12.2 mg/g. The results showed that the removal ratio of RR198 reached to 97.3% from wastewater containing 10 mg/l RR198. The biomass could be used as a potential biosorbent for the removal of RR198 from industrial wastewater.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40124_ddef33a1e82f0e79190e9b09bd1797eb.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34781120130101Site selection for wastewater treatment plant using integrated fuzzy logic and multicriteria decision model: A case study in Kahak, Iran51614012510.22102/jaehr.2013.40125ENBehzadShahmoradiKurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0002-2120-4518Ali-AsgharIsalouDepartment of Urban Planning, School of Technology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, IranJournal Article20130410One of the environmental issues in urban planning is finding a suitable site for constructing infrastructures such as water and wastewater treatment plants. There are numerous factors to be considered for this purpose, which make decision-making a complex task. We used an integrated fuzzy logic and multicriteria decision model to select a suitable site for establishing wastewater treatment plant in Kahak, Iran. We used super decision software and a geographic information system (GIS) for scoring the parameters. The western part of Kahak was found to be a suitable place for constructing municipal wastewater treatment plant. Our findings indicated that decision makers and policy makers would be able to achieve better results concerning the most suitable location for wastewater treatment plant easily through combining these two models. https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40125_75520ba59230a40bbbf8659160069ea6.pdf