Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-347810220220201From Environmental Accounting to Integrated Reporting: Towards a New Approach to Environmental Disclosure9510413730010.32598/JAEHR.10.2.1222ENYaser AbbasabadiDepartment of Accounting, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-5770-0428Reza TehraniDepartment of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-6986-3996Mohammad Hassan JananiDepartment of Accounting, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.Journal Article20210525<span class="ABSTRACT-2StyleOFBCNtext"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 120%;">To pay attention to environmental issues and problems in today’s modern economy, especially in academia, is a valuable orientation. Cooperation between related organizations about environmental issues is now more important than before. It has covered environmental reporting in several complementary stages. In addition, it has established its new reporting based on the field of environmental disclosure. The latest version of reporting is the integrated reporting, which is the most important environmental disclosure. Usually, any new version on any topic should cover the limitations of the previous version. This paper is a review study. In this study, environmental accounting and its limitations are first explained. Integrated reporting is then discussed as the newest type of financial and non-financial reporting. Finally, the possibility of covering the environmental accounting constraints is examined through integrated reporting. The results showed that the transparency in environmental accounting figures, democratization and information linkages are likely to be achieved through the implementation of integrated reporting. Therefore, it will be effective in covering the limitations of environmental accounting.</span></span>https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_137300_2c3653cba848dd4ae542e00b21409e83.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-347810220220201Simulating Quar-Maharlu Aquifer in Fars Province, Iran, and Optimizing Artificial Recharge Using PMWIN Model10511814255610.32598/JAEHR.10.2.1159ENSoheil TalebiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.0000-0001-7542-2126Gholamreza RakhshandehroDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.0000-0001-6153-264XMohamad ParsiMehrDepartment of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Hamedan, Iran.
Department of Water Facilities, Deputy of Protection and Operation, Qazvin Regional Water Company, Qazvin, Iran.0000-0001-7559-9570Shima RezaeiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.0000-0001-6449-8395Journal Article20200208<strong>Background:</strong><strong> </strong>The improper exploitation of water resources by humans has disrupted the natural balance of groundwater. Given the water resources restriction, it is crucial to manage these resources properly, recognize the current situation, and anticipate the harvesting or feeding effects. In this regard, simulators or models can act as valuable tools.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this research, we performed quantitative modeling of groundwater flow in the Quar-Maharlu plain, Fars Province, Iran using the PMWIN software. The model included three years’ calibration (2011-2014) for hydraulic conductivity coefficient and one year’s verification (2014-2015). To evaluate the model error in calibration and verification, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) was used. After simulating the aquifer to optimize the artificial recharge location by the flood spreading method, different scenarios were defined and examined by considering the natural and artificial factors.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The RMSD values for calibration were 1.55, 1.49, and 1.56 m for 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. The RMSD for verification of one year was 1.77 m, indicating the acceptable ability of the model to predict groundwater flow parameters. The stock variation for the whole aquifer was -8.88 mm3 in 2014. In the next step, the best recharging location was selected to create the maximum head increase (5.3cm) in the entire area of the plain.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> One of the effective ways to offset the negative balance is to strengthen the aquifer through artificial recharge.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_142556_7c554bad4c5f72449852deee54305fc4.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-347810220220201Impact of Zeolite on Protein, Mg and Zn Content of Triticum aestivum L. Wheat in Contaminated Soils of War Zones11912614098610.32598/JAEHR.10.2.1223ENAli AzoughDepartment of Agronomy, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0001-5742-8209Seyed Keyvan MarashiDepartment of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0002-4691-0822Seyed Moeinoddin MarashiFaculty of Medical Sciences, Jundishapur University, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0003-3647-8228Journal Article20210525<strong>Background:</strong><strong> </strong>Nowadays, the use of unconventional weapons has made a serious damage to the environment. The use of zeolite is one of the solutions in soil pollution management. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of natural zeolite on grain protein, Mg and Zn uptake in the wheat in contaminated soils by war weapons.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>The experiment was carried out in factorial arrangement in a randomized complete design with three replications in a pot. The studied treatments were four levels of zeolite as zero, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5% based on weight of soil and two types of soils including non-contaminated and contaminated soil by mines and war explosives. Contaminated and non-contaminated soil samples were taken from the southern region of Dehloran city.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the amount of grain protein and Mg in contaminated soils were significantly higher than non-contaminated soils. The use of zeolite in both soils caused a significant increase in either of them. In this study, the Zn concentration of grain in contaminated soils was higher than non-contaminated. In addition, the concentration of Zn was significantly decreased when zeolite consumption was increased.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results showed that the use of zeolite in contaminated and non-contaminated soils had a positive effect in terms of grain protein and Mg. In addition, the use of zeolite can prevent the excessive increase in Zn due to war weapons and can be effective in plant and community health.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_140986_c7848511276ba3e1fc5ee68dbdde8571.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-347810220220201Noise Pollution Assessment in Sylhet City Corporation Using Geographic Information System (GIS)12713214524610.32598/JAEHR.10.2.1235ENMD. ASHIKUR RAHMANDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, Sylhet Engineering College, Sylhet, Bangladesh.0000-0003-2897-4395Md. Jahir BIN AlamDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.https://orcid.org/00Journal Article20210723<strong>Background:</strong><strong> </strong>Noise pollution is a risk factor for human health which is continuously increasing in Sylhet City corporation, located in the Sylhet division in Bangladesh.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this study, we assessed the noise pollution level in Sylhet City by comparing it with the standard noise level. Also, the outcomes of this study were compared to other studies from different countries. In order to measure the noise level in decibel, BSWA 308 device was used in this study. A total of 38 samples were taken from different geographical locations in Sylhet City Corporation. The 38 samples provided 96 to 99% accuracy with a 95% confidence level of >36.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The decibel values ranged from 72 to 86 dB. From the observed data we calculated the values as follows: L<sub>10</sub>, L<sub>50</sub> and L<sub>90</sub> and Noise Climate (NC)=12.7 dB, equivalent continuous noise level Leq=77.18 dB and noise pollution level Lnp=89.88 dB. A contour map of the area was made using Arc GIS software version 10.5. Every line in the contour map defined a specific decibel value. The map was made by 2 dB intervals between the corresponding contour lines. More than 30% of the study area was vulnerable to a high level of noise (>82 dBA), and about 30% had the lower level of noise (<77 dBA). Only 40% of the area had moderate noise levels (i.e., between 77 to 82 dBA).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> After comparing the outcomes of noise level in this study with previous studies, we observed that the noise level of this area was more than acceptable limit for all parameters.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_145246_ec2e841ffddd62c78825e9fb708de2b2.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-347810220220201Ranking of Suitable Areas for Establishing Industries in Kashan City Using VIKOR and TOPSIS Methods in Fuzzy Environment13314814524710.32598/JAEHR.10.2.1241ENKatayoun OmidiDepartment of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.0000-0002-7360-1144Afsaneh AfzaliDepartment of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.0000-0002-8822-912XHossein VahidiDepartment of Environment, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology,
Kerman, Iran.0000-0002-5868-6821Sheida MahnamInternational Relations, Iranology Foundation, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20210902<strong>Background:</strong><strong> </strong>In this research, among the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, a combination of VIKOR and TOPSIS methods with fuzzy set theory was used to overcome the uncertainty in the ranking of alternatives. The purpose of this paper was to locate the industries of Kashan City and rank the appropriate alternatives using analytic hierarchical process (AHP) and the prioritization methods of fuzzy VIKOR and fuzzy TOPSIS.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this study, first, the effective criteria in GIS (Geographic Information System) were examined and standardized according to fuzzy logic. Then, by presenting expert opinion through AHP, the criteria were weighted, and in order to determine suitable places for establishing industries, according to the required minimum area, six alternatives were extracted from the weighted linear combination method. Subsequently, the alternatives were ranked using fuzzy VIKOR and fuzzy TOPSIS methods. The sensitivity analysis was performed in the fuzzy TOPSIS method by shifting the criteria weights and producing different weighting scenarios. The fuzzy VIKOR method was analyzed for different values of the υ variable.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Weighting of criteria by AHP showed that the distance from surface water with a weight coefficient of 0.200 was the most important one. according to the required minimum area, six alternatives were extracted from the weighted linear combination method.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The sensitivity analysis of both methods showed that 405 hectares in the Southeast of Kashan are the best ones to establish industries.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_145247_920f6119e0985a9ca36fcaee17de3510.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-347810220220201Nanocomposite Fe-Co-V/Zeolite: Highly Efficient Composite for Removal of Methyl Orange Dye14916014524810.32598/JAEHR.10.2.1246ENAbdolreza KarbulDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.Mohammad Kazem MohammadiDepartment of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0001-6505-1202Reza Jalilzadeh YengejehDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0002-8360-5739Forouzan FarrokhianDepartment of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.Journal Article20211001<strong>Background:</strong><strong> </strong>In recent years, the dye industry has rapidly been developed. Dyes are one in all the foremost dangerous groups of chemical compounds found in industrial effluents, which are of considerable importance for reasons like reduced light permeability and therefore the subsequent disruption of the method of photosynthesis in water sources. This study was performed to remove dye using Fe-Co-V /Zeolite from a synthetic wastewater.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>After chemical synthesis of the nanocomposite, its structure was studied by spectroscopic techniques. The experiments were performed under different pH values (3-11), contact times (5-50 min), absorbent dose (0.5-0.6g), stirring speed (240-60 rpm), and different concentrations.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the optimal and final conditions affecting the removal of methyl orange dye in the most suitable conditions for 200 mL of the solution with a concentration of 20 mg/L at pH equal to 3, contact time 20 min, adsorbent dose 0.2 g, jar speed 180 rpm and temperature 25°C, which finally with the application of the optimal data, at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L, the best efficiency was obtained. The examination of isotherm diagrams and isotherm coefficients showed that the adsorption process follows the Freundlich equation.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the obtained results and physical and chemical properties of the synthesized nanocomposite, it can be used to remove pollutants from the environment such as wastewater and air.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_145248_a7fba8d146a2389f588680c987e49bd4.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-347810220220201Measuring 1, 3-Butadiene and Simulation of its Releasing Method by GIS Application and Cancer Risk Assessment in Tehran in 2019-202016117214255810.32598/JAEHR.10.2.1247ENAsghar Yaghouti Soltan AhmadiFaculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-8640-772XSeyed Alireza Hajiseyed MirzahosseiniFaculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-7140-8308Yousef RashidiEnvironmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-6404-4067Nabiyollah MansouriFaculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-4228-6444Journal Article20211005<strong>Background:</strong><strong> </strong>According to the heavy traffic in Tehran, a high amount of 1, 3-Butadiene (BD) in this city is highly expected. This study estimated the lifetime cancer risk (LCR) attributable to BD in District 9 of Tehran Municipality and simulation of its releasing way.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This research is an applied study that was conducted in the form of field research. Cancer risk assessment was carried out based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method. BD concentration measurements were performed at 30 points and specified in the area and daily at three different times in four seasons since autumn of 2019 till summer of 2020. LCR then was calculated for four different groups of residents, employees, first and second classes of the pedestrian. Finally, the way of releasing BD in the District 9 was evaluated by GIS software.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the highest and lowest BD concentrations were 2819 and 424 ppb, respectively, in autumn and spring. They were measured in the north and west side of the District 9 which were much higher than inhalation reference concentration. In addition, the LCR estimation of population due to exposure to high level of BD was exceeded the USEPA benchmark of 1×10<sup>-6</sup> in the 4 specified groups. So, the amount of LCR in the residents was 790 times more than the USEPA benchmark.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the results, the necessity for traffic control by urban management and producing green vehicles to prevent pollutants emission is essential.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_142558_b7b8ca0804aa4800a033114f6a6ab844.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-347810220220201Environmental Impacts of Formalin and Hexamine Production Units Using Life Cycle Assessment: A Case Study in the Gameron Petro Industry Complex, Iran17318614255710.32598/JAEHR.10.2.1248ENLeila Taghizadeh IsiniDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.0000-0003-0533-1792Mohsen Dehghani GhanatghestaniDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.0000-0003-4509-5704Nargess KargariDepartment of Environment, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran.0000-0002-1387-5389Saber GhasemiDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.0000-0003-0897-3969Journal Article20211006<strong>Background:</strong><strong> </strong>Formalin and hexamine as important chemicals are widely used in industry that their pollution effect is often taken into account. The aim of this study was to investigate environmental effects of formalin and hexamine production process in Gameron Petro Industry Complex using the life cycle assessment method.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>This study was conducted according to ISO 14040, using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method and SimaPro software 9, as well as Eco-indicator99, IMPACT2002+ and EDIP2003. The functional unit studied was 1 ton of product (800 kg hexamine plus 200kg formalin) in this complex.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> It was found that ammonia was the most influential input material in creating the consequences of climate change, radiation and toxicity. In respiratory inorganics, the contribution of ammonia and methanol was the same. Methanol was the dominant input of other outcome. It was determined that the effect of methanol and ammonia on human health was approximately equal. Ammonia and methanol had effect on ecosystem toxicity and creating the category of resource consumption, respectively. The total values of the effect classes were 0.001636 DALY, 2038.305 PDF.m² yr, 2091.536 kg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents and 61.87139MJ surplus.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results showed that in the life cycle of formalin production, and hexamine, methanol is the dominant input in creating environmental impacts. After that, ammonia, diesel and electricity were the effective inputs in the production life cycle of these products.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_142557_0df8e682d1f8ed537e04bade77655334.pdf