1. Zehr JP, Kudela RM. Nitrogen cycle of the open ocean: from genes to ecosystems. Ann Rev Mar Sci 2011; 3: 197-225.
2. Nitrification Network. Nitrification primer [Online]. [cited 2014]; Available from: URL: http://nitrificationnetwork.org/Introduction.php
3. Hatzenpichler R. Diversity, physiology, and niche differentiation of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78(21): 7501-10.
4. McCarty GW. 29Modes of action of nitrification inhibitors. Biol Fertil Soils 1999; 29(1): 1-9.
5. Ward BB. Nitrification and denitrification: probing the nitrogen cycle in aquatic environments. Microb Ecol 1996; 32(3): 247-61.
6. Muter O, Mihailova A, Berzins A, Shvirksts K, Patmalnieks A, Strikauska S, et al. Optimization of nitrification process by a bacterial consortium in the submerged biofiltration system with ceramic bead carrier. J Microb Biochem Technol 2014; 6: 148-53.
7. Zhang Y, Love N, Edwards M. Nitrification in drinking water systems. Crit Rev Env Sci Tec 2009; 39(3): 153-208.
8. Henze M, Harremoes P, Arvin E, LaCour Jansen J. Wastewater treatment: biological and chemical processes. Berlin, Germany: Springer Science & Business Media; 2002.
9. Carrera J, Baeza JA, Vicent T, Lafuente J. Biological nitrogen removal of high-strength ammonium industrial wastewater with two-sludge system. Water Res 2003; 37(17): 4211-21.
10. Kumar VJ, Achuthan C, Manju NJ, Philip R, Singh IS. Activated packed bed bioreactor for rapid nitrification in brackish water hatchery systems. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36(3): 355-65.
11. Kennes C, Veiga MC. Inert filter media for the biofiltration of waste gases - characteristics and biomass control. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 2002; 1(3): 201-14.
12. Lyssenko C, Wheaton F. Impact of positive ramp short-term operating disturbances on ammonia removal by trickling and submerged-upflow biofilters for intensive recirculating aquaculture. Aquacult Eng 2006; 35(1): 26-37.
13. Hirai M, Kamamoto M, Yani M, Shoda M. Comparison of the biological NH3 removal characteristics among four inorganic packing materials. J Biosci Bioeng 2001; 91(4): 428-30.
14. Ortiz I, Revah S, Auria R. Effects of packing material on the biofiltration of benzene, toluene and xylene vapours. Environ Technol 2003; 24(3): 265-75.
15. Rezaee A, Godini H, Darvish Cheshma Soltani R, Hossini H, Nili-Ahmadabadi A. Denitrification of high salinity, high nitrate wastewater using clinoptilite in a packed bed bioreactor. J Envi Res and Mana 2012; 3(2): 31-8.
16. Rezaee A, Godini H, Dehestani S, Yazdanbakhsh AR, Mosavi G, Kazemnejad A. Biological denitrification by Pseudomonas stutzeri immobilized on microbial cellulose. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 24(11): 2397-402.
17. American Chemical Society. National Historic Chemical Landmarks [Online]. [cited 2014]; Available from: URL: https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks.html
18. Trambouze P, Euzen J. Chemical reactors. Paris, France: OPHRYS; 2005.
19. Raby K, Ramirez AA, Heitz M. Elimination of nitrogen present in swine manure using a high-efficiency biotrickling filter. Environ Technol 2013; 34(5-8): 813-24.
20. Strikauska S, Zarina D, Berzins A, Viesturs U. Biodegradation of ammonia by two stage biofiltration system. Environ Eng Policy 1998; 1(3): 175-9.
21. Heylen K, Vanparys B, Wittebolle L, Verstraete W, Boon N, De Vos P. Cultivation of denitrifying bacteria: optimization of isolation conditions and diversity study. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72(4): 2637-43.
22. Ramos AF, Gomez MA, Hontoria E, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Biological nitrogen and phenol removal from saline industrial wastewater by submerged fixed-film reactor. J Hazard Mater 2007; 142(1-2): 175-83.
23. Kesseru P, Kiss I, Bihari Z, Polyak B. Biological denitrification in a continuous-flow pilot bioreactor containing immobilized Pseudomonas butanovora cells. Bioresour Technol 2003; 87(1): 75-80.
24. Mousavi S, Ibrahim S, Aroua MK. Sequential nitrification and denitrification in a novel palm shell granular activated carbon twin-chamber upflow bio-electrochemical reactor for treating ammonium-rich wastewater. Bioresource Tech 2012; 125: 256-66.
25. Eaton AD, Franson MA. Standard methods for the examination of water & wastewater. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2005.
26. US Environmental Protection Agency. Manual nitrogen control, EPA/625/R-93/010. Washington, DC: US EPA; 1993.
27. Jetten MS, Strous M, van de Pas-Schoonen KT, Schalk J, van Dongen UG, van de Graaf AA, et al. The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1998; 22(5): 421-37.
28. Aslan S, Dahab M. Nitritation and denitritation of ammonium-rich wastewater using fluidized-bed biofilm reactors. J Hazard Mater 2008; 156(1-3): 56-63.
29. van Benthum WAJ, Derissen BP, van Loosdrecht MCM, Heijnen JJ. Nitrogen removal using nitrifying biofilm growth and denitrifying suspended growth in a biofilm airlift suspension reactor coupled with a chemostat. Water Res 1998; 32(7): 2009-18.
30. Bougard D, Bernet N, Cheneby D, Delgenes JP. Nitrification of a high-strength wastewater in an inverse turbulent bed reactor: Effect of temperature on nitrite accumulation. Process Biochem 2006; 41(1): 106-13.
31. Chuang HP, Ohashi A, Imachi H, Tandukar M, Harada H. Effective partial nitrification to nitrite by down-flow hanging sponge reactor under limited oxygen condition. Water Res 2007; 41(2): 295-302.
32. Saliling WJ, Westerman PW, Losordo TM. Wood chips and wheat straw as alternative biofilter media for denitrification reactors treating aquaculture and other wastewaters with high nitrate concentrations. Aquac Eng 2007; 37(3): 222-33.
33. Suzuki Y, Maruyama T, Numata H, Sato H, Asakawa M. Performance of a closed recirculating system with foam separation, nitrification and denitrification units for intensive culture of eel: towards zero emission. Aquac Eng 2003; 29(3-4): 165-82.
34. van Rijn J, Tal Y, Schreier HJ. Denitrification in recirculating systems: Theory and applications. Aquac Eng 2006; 34(3): 364-76.
35. Foglar L, Briski F, Sipos L, Vukovic M. High nitrate removal from synthetic wastewater with the mixed bacterial culture. Bioresour Technol 2005; 96(8): 879-88.
36. Bally D, Asano T, Bhamidimarri R, Chin KK, Grabow WOK, Hall ER, et al. Water quality international '96 part 1: nutrient removaldenitrification of nitrite in a two-phase fluidized bed bioreactor. Water Sci Technol 1996; 34(1): 339-46.