Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34786220180601Estimating the health effects of PM10 on human in Sanandaj City during 2010-2014 using AirQ model61666033410.22102/jaehr.2018.72074.1002ENShadi KohzadiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranAta AminiKurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0001-9358-185XBehzad ShahmoradiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0002-2120-4518Shahab MohammadiDepartment of Environmental, Kurdistan Province, Sanandaj, IranH.P. ShivarajuDepartment of Water and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, J.S.S University, Sri Shivarathreshwara Nagara, Mysore-570015, Karnataka, India0000-0001-5125-4877Journal Article20170103One of the air pollutant indices includes particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> (PM<sub>10</sub>). Particulate matter has extensive effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Dissemination of such particles for a longer period can lead to increased mortality and hospitalization. In this study, the data of PM<sub>10</sub> pollutant were gathered from the Kurdistan Department of Environment. Furthermore, PM<sub>10</sub> effects on the total mortalities, cardiovascular mortalities, respiratory mortalities, and hospitalizations caused by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases were analyzed using AirQ software. The results reported the highest mean concentration of PM<sub>10</sub> in 2014. This software predicted a total death toll of 57, 60, 57, 51, and 55 cases per 100,000 people during 2010–2014, respectively. Moreover, it was estimated that 3.4, 8, 1.2, 10.8, and 11.5 percent of all deaths could be attributed to the concentrations >20 μg/m<sup>3</sup> of PM<sub>10</sub>. Due to the lack of suitable database for recording death toll attributable to air pollutants, this software could be considered as an alternative for estimating the health effects of air pollutants.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_60334_5d3884c9dac22075caa54a29dff178a6.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34786220180601The concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and related factors in the air in barbershops in Sanandaj in 201667726041810.22102/jaehr.2018.106004.1054ENMehrzad EbrahemzadihEnvironmental Health Research Center,
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences,
Sanandaj, Iran0000-0002-1783-1308Shahram SadeghiStudent Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0002-6119-721XParisa MozaffariStudent Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranHamze SalehzadehStudent Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0002-1057-0707Journal Article20171117The aim of this study was to determine the density of benzene and toluene in barbershops of Sanandaj and also to determine effective factors for this pollution. A descriptive, analytical study was conducted to measure the volatile organic compound density and determine the effective factors. In this study, five hair salons and five barber shops were randomly selected from Sanandaj city. The volatile organic compound density was measured by using Phocheck device, Tiger model, made in England, equipped with a PID lamp (Photoionisation detector lamp). Also, the other effective variables that affect the density of these compounds including temperature, humidity, type of service provided, and the type of conditioner were measured in summer and autumn. Statistical analysis using t-test and ANOVA was performed using SPSS software version 18. In the makeup salons, toluene had the highest density (with an average concentration of 0.821200 ppm), and ethylbenzene had the least density (with an average concentration of 0.015532 ppm). Between the density of volatile organic compounds, it was one of effective factors of them. Based on the impact of natural ventilation, it is recommended to reduce contaminants in beauty salons. Environmental health inspectors should consider this variable in their surveys.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_60418_97deb6711a20d4850ad5c29ac571cfbd.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34786220180601Applicable risk assessment methods in occupational and environmental exposure to nanoparticles - a narrative review73896070710.22102/jaehr.2018.113026.1062ENEbrahim DarvishiDepartment of occupational Health Engineering, Environmental health research center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0002-7857-1781Reza ShahidiPhD. Students of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranMohsen MahdiniaPhD. Students of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranMohammad Javad AssariDepartment of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranJournal Article20180114Nanoparticles (NPs) are a heterogeneous group of materials that have various applications, and their risk assessment is an essential condition. This study aimed to review the applicable risk assessment methods in occupational and environmental exposures to NPs. A literature search for articles published since 2005 in Web of Knowledge, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keywords such as “Risk Assessment,” “Nanoparticle,” and “Nanomaterial,” revealed 56 articles, which were screened by two researchers. A total of 15 articles were reviewed in full text. In total, 11 applied techniques for NP risk assessment were analyzed. Seven methods were quantitative, and four were qualitative. The quantitative methods were Integrated Probabilistic Risk Assessment (IPRA), Integrated Probabilistic Environmental Risk Assessment (IPERA), Quantitative Structure-Activity QSTR-Perturbation Model, Lung Dosimetry Modeling for Quantitative Risk Assessment (LDMQRA), Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling (PBPK), Risk assessment based on toxicokinetic modeling, and Risk assessment of NPs with Spray Application. The qualitative methods were Application of Toxicogenomics for Risk Assessment, Luminous Microbial Array for Toxicity Risk Assessment (Lumi MARA), Control Banding Nano Tool (CBNT), and Stoffenmanager Nano Tool. It can be concluded that each of the studied methods evaluates an NP and is specifically used for that NP. A general risk assessment approach cannot be applied to all NPs but should be separately investigated by different processes.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_60707_be8a67d1b736f29c6162033f2cf1ef06.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34786220180601Effect of solar light on the decrease of microbial contamination in facultative stabilization pond90956094310.22102/jaehr.2018.104707.1047ENAli AlmasiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-1506-7289Mitra MohammadiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, KermanshahRouhhollah ShokriDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran0000-0003-2808-7307Majid HashemiPh.D. of environmental Health Engineering, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0003-3254-2296Nemat BahmaniStudent Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranDepartment of environment protection, Kermanshah, IranJournal Article20171105One of the indexes of stabilization pond is the presence of coliform bacteria in water and wastewater. This study aimed to determine the effect of solar light on coliform variations in stabilization pond. In this experimental study, the effect of light, pH (<7, 7.1–8, 8.1–9), and temperature (10 ºC and 30 ºC) on facultative stabilization pond was studied for six months. The sampling was accomplished weekly. Coliform colonies were measured using the nine tube fermentation method. The coliform deterioration constant was calculated using the Maraise model. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The effect of light on coliform deterioration constant was negative. Also, low pH increased the coliform death. No significant statistical difference was seen at 10 ºC and 30 ºC (P < 0.05). Low temperature cannot be adherence for facultative stabilization pond. Regarding the positive effect of temperature on the coliform death, use of facultative stabilization pond in a warm climate is suggested.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_60943_6a383778e2954ab086d43348ed151f34.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34786220180601Removal of cesium through adsorption from aqueous solutions: A systematic review961066157710.22102/jaehr.2018.104959.1048ENMehrnoosh AbtahiEnvironmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranYadolah FakhriStudent Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3579-7641Mansour SarafrazStudent Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHassan KeramatiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranGea OliveriContiDepartment of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, ItalyMargherita FerranteDepartment of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, ItalyNazak AmanidazEnvironmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, IranRokhsane Hosseini PouyaFood Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IranBigard MoradiDepartment of Health Public, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranZahra BaninamehSina Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20171107Cesium radioactive isotopes (<sup>134</sup>Cs and <sup>137</sup>Cs) are dangerous to human health due to their long half-life and high solubility in water. Nuclear experiments, wars, and nuclear plant accidents have been the main sources of Cs release into the environment. In recent years, several methods have been introduced for the elimination of Cs radioactive isotopes from contaminated water. This study provides an overview of the available published articles (2008–2016) regarding the remediation of waters polluted by Cs isotopes. The maximum adsorption capacity (MAC) of Cs isotopes corresponded to natural chabazite (273.24 mg Cs/g adsorbent), hollow Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles (262 mg Cs/g adsorbent), and Prussian blue implemented non-woven fabric (260 mg Cs/g adsorbent). Using natural chabazite and PB adsorbents, along with another adsorbent (PB graphene oxide hydrogel), Cs radioactive isotopes can be effectively removed from the aqueous solutions.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_61577_9c8ce909888a0dfcdc074900e134af32.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34786220180601Profit estimation models of industrial and engineering brick manufacturing using UASB reactor sludge1071176492510.22102/jaehr.2018.114532.1061ENSyeda Azeem UnnisaDepartment of Environmental science, UCS, Osmania University, Telangana StateMalek HassanpourDepartment of Environmental science, UCS, Osmania University, Telangana State0000-0001-9662-0623Journal Article20180112According to a recent report by the Iranian industrial organization, over 1700 Industrial and Engineering Brick Manufacturing (IEBM) industries are currently running in Iran, using the same method in common use worldwide. The present research study used a combination of a literature review, existing research reports, and a model of assessment among the four main kinds of IEBM industries to estimate the profit of IEBM using Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) sludge as a model. Paying attention to differences in brick manufacturing practices among the many published papers, we summarized the available standard procedures and methods. Both the paired test and t-test analyses revealed a significant difference among parameters such as initial feed, employees, power, water, fuel, and land (p<sub>value</sub> ≤ 0.001) for the four main types of IEBM industries in Iran. The evaluation identified a priority hierarchy among factors: employees> land > initial feed > water > power > fuel. Therefore, automation in this industry is recommended. Next, two models were developed to estimate the profit of a WWTP and Four Main Brick Manufacturing Industries (FMBMI) using released sludge from the WWTP.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_64925_dfc01042f5e5ec30e5cc22b099bf07f3.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34786220180601Organic dye removal from aqueous media by using acid modified Clinoptilolite1181276488310.22102/jaehr.2018.132980.1080ENRoya EbrahimiEnvironmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0002-2949-4863Afshin MalekiEnvironmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0001-8261-8717Behzad ShahmoradiEnvironmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0002-2120-4518Reza RezaeeEnvironmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0003-2314-6697Hiua DaraeiEnvironmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranMahdi SafariEnvironmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0003-0347-9283Yahya ZandsalimiEnvironmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranPegah BahmaniEnvironmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0003-0911-5376Shivaraju Harkaranahalli PuttaiahDepartment of Water and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, IndiaJournal Article20180522Dyes are an important class of pollutants which when discharged into water resources can be toxic to the aquatic environment and cause serious problems for public health. Various treatment technologies such as adsorption are in use. For this reason, clinoptilolite was used as a low-cost adsorbent to remove color from aqueous solution. Clinoptilolite was modified with sulfuric and phosphoric acids in order to adsorp aqueous direct red 23. The batch adsorption experiments used dye concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were used to determine properties of clinoptilolite. To evaluate the experimental data, adsorption isotherms and kinetics were studied. The results showed that experimental data followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, with a correlation coefficient of 0.95–0.99. Kinetic studies showed that adsorption followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The adsorption results showed that acid-modified clinoptilolite with maximum adsorption capacity of 0.0009 mmol/g was a superior adsorbent compared with unmodified clinoptilolite, according to Langmuir equation. It caused adsorption efficiency in terms of Si/Al ratio 7.5 after 200 min of contact of between 31% to 60%. According to the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model, mean free energy of adsorption (8.2–8.9 kJ/ mol) means that adsorption might follow a weak chemisorption mechanism. We conclude that adsorbing properties of clinoptilolite, a cheap and abundant adsorbent, can be improved and used for removing dyes from wastewater.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_64883_30c65cca34546fd8a3ba3148817a4f03.pdfKurdistan University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advances in Environmental Health Research2676-34786220180601Simulating green tax effects on pollution reduction, mortality and morbidity costs in Iran1281356532010.22102/jaehr.2018.117897.1063ENMohammad Ali Torki HarcheganiDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Development, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0965-4268Nazar DahmardehProfessor in Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranJournal Article20180205The direct association between air pollution and morbidity and mortality rates has been proved. This major environmental risk factor has been mainly due to extensive use of fossil fuels. Increasing pollution caused by fossil fuels can threaten human health. This study simulated the effect of green taxes on Iran’s health indicators, i.e., mortality and morbidity. We used a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model calibrated by Iran’s Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). The results show that when any pollution tax rate is levied on energy products, all eight types of environmental pollutions would be reduced. Almost two thirds of health costs (62%) are related to mortality, one fourth to morbidity (26.4%), and the rest to non-health effects (11.6%). Finally, we found an inverse correlation between green taxes and health costs.https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_65320_76e6f1dfacfd0d50decf12b79fa1fff1.pdf