Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
5
2
2017
05
01
Adsorption and desorption of lead in Iranian acid and alkaline soils amended with sewage sludge-derived biochar
59
69
EN
Hamed
Fathi Dokht
Ph.D Student, Department of Soil Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan ,Iran
hamed_fathi_dokht@yahoo.com
Esmaeil
Dordipour
Associate Professor, Department of Soil Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
e.dordipour@yahoo.com
Seyed Alireza
Movahedi Naeini
Associate Professor, Department of Soil Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
movahedi@gau.ac.ir
10.22102/jaehr.2017.71682.
The effective management of sewage sludge materials in an environmentally and economically acceptable way is through the pyrolytic conversion of the sludge to biochar and its use for agricultural purposes. The aims of this work were: (1) to assess the effect of biochar prepared from sewage sludge at two different temperatures (350<sup> º</sup>C and 650 <sup>º</sup>C) on the adsorption/desorption capacity of Pb (II) in two different Iranian soils (acidic and alkaline soils), and (2) to investigate the adsorption/desorption isotherm. The results indicated that with increasing pyrolysis temperature, the soil pH, ash content, aromaticity, BET, and total heavy metal concentration increased. On the other hand, the pyrolysis yield, percentages of H, N and O, atomic ratios, CEC and polarity of biochar decreased. The adsorption and desorption of Pb was more accurately described by the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm The maximum adsorption capacity of biochars increased for alkaline and acidic soils when pyrolysis temperatures increased, suggesting that high temperature pyrolysis led to the biochars having high Pb adsorption capacity. The desorption of pre-adsorbed Pb (II) by NaNO<sub>3</sub> decreased in soils incorporated with biochars.
soils,sewage sludge,environmentally
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51362.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51362_1ee728e325e0828d6344968d419df673.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
5
2
2017
05
01
Improving CO2 adsorption with new amine-functionalized Y-type zeolite
70
77
EN
Majideh
Babaei
Department of Chemistry, Kerman branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
majidehb@yahoo.com
Mansoor
Anbia
Professor, Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
anbia@iust.ac.ir
Maryam
Kazemipour
Department of Chemistry, Kerman branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
10.22102/jaehr.2017.71674.
In this work, a new synthesized Y-type zeolite with an Si/Al molar ratio of 2.5 (NaY) was modified with amines, in order to probe the influence of the modification of the adsorbent’s surface on CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption. The three selected amines were diethanolamine, tetraethylenepentamine, and 2- methylaminoethanol. The surface nature of NaY was changed after amine modification, which causes a significant increase in the CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity. The CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity of the amine- modified NaY increased with temperature. The mechanism of CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption on NaY is usually a physical interaction, but it seems that after amine modification, chemical mechanism is the dominant mechanism for the chemical interaction between CO<sub>2</sub> and amine groups. The adsorbents were characterized by surface area and porosity analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity was measured by the volumetric method at 298 and 348 K. The CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity of TEPA-NaY, DEA-NaY, and 2-MAE-NaY at 298 K was 60.63. The CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity of TEPA- NaY, DEA-NaY, and 2-MAE-NaY at 348 K were 92.9, 78, and 85.42, respectively. These results showed that amine-functionalized NaY zeolites have excellent adsorption potential for CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption at high temperatures.
CO2 Adsorption,Y-Type Zeolite,amine modification,chemisorption,physisorption
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51226.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51226_1d00a245dc5901661291bc35169a6a00.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
5
2
2017
05
01
Long-term spatial and temporal variability of ambient carbon monoxide in Urmia, Iran
78
84
EN
Hamed
Aghdasi
Graduate School of the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, IAU, Tehran, Iran
hamed_milan22@yahoo.com
Rahim
Aali
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Technology Incubator Centre, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
aali1400@gmail.com
Nabiollah
Mansouri
Department of HSE Management, Graduate School of the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, IAU, Tehran, Iran
nmansouri@srbiau.ac.ir
Heresh
Amini
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland & University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
hassan.amini@swisstph.ch
10.22102/jaehr.2017.90610.1027
One of the pillars of epidemiologic research on the long-term health effects of air pollution is to estimate the chronic exposures over space and time. In this study, we aimed to measure the intra-urban ambient carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations within Urmia city in Iran, and to build a model within the geographic information system (GIS) to estimate the annual and seasonal means anywhere within the city. We collected more than 5,000 measurements from 53 locations during July 2010 to July 2011 in four seasons to calculate the annual and seasonal means in Urmia. The Universal Kriging was used to predict the spatial and seasonal concentrations of CO. The annual mean and annual peak CO concentrations were respectively 2.5 and 4.4 ppm. The results of the spatial analysis showed that the north-eastern parts of the city were more polluted than the other areas. The mean and peak seasonal spatial patterns were consistent over time. This is the first study that monitored and predicted the long-term CO concentrations with a dense measurement network in Urmia, providing a foundation for future epidemiological studies on the health effects of air pollution. The spatial estimates can also be used for a variety of other purposes, such as evidence-based air quality management and urban planning. Overall, the CO levels in Urmia were lower than the values recommended by the World Health Organization. However, further research is required on other important pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, air toxics and so forth.
Air pollution,carbon monoxide variability,intra-urban,Iran,long-term,Urmia,Spatial
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51875.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51875_7acd2ab2495702bf24433eee87890f26.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
5
2
2017
05
01
The simultaneous removal of turbidity and humic substances from water using the enhanced coagulation process
85
92
EN
Reza
Rezaee
0000-0003-2314-6697
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
rezaee.eng@gmail.com
Mahdi
Safari
0000-0003-0347-9283
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
safari.m.eng@gmail.com
Reza
Ghanbari
0000-0001-9296-4293
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
ghanbari33@gmail.com
Esmail
Ghahramani
0000-0003-4976-1233
Lecturer, Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
ghahramani64@gmail.com
Mehdi
Hosseini
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Yahya
Zandsalimi
0000-0002-5193-5442
Kurdistan Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
yzandsalimi@gmail.com
10.22102/jaehr.2017.79591.1009
This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the enhanced coagulation (EC) process for the simultaneous removal of turbidity and humic substances (HS) from raw water from the Sanandaj Water Treatment Plant (SWTP). This study was conducted on a laboratory scale using a jar test device and ferric chloride (FeCL<sub>3</sub>) as the coagulant. Accordingly, the effects of pH and coagulant dosage variations on the simultaneous removal efficiency of turbidity and humic substances in the enhanced coagulation process were investigated. Furthermore, certain parameters including the total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet absorbance (UV<sub>254</sub>), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined as the indices of the humic substances and turbidity in the water samples. The results of the raw water analysis showed that the mean values of TOC, DOC, UV<sub>254</sub>, COD, and turbidity parameters were 4.41 mg/L, 4.11 mg/L, 16.47 1/cm, 15 mg/L, and 4.37 NTU, respectively. Moreover, the results of the present study showed that the average efficiency of the enhanced coagulation process in the removal of TOC, DOC, UV<sub>254</sub>, COD, and turbidity was 65%, 62%, 70%, 69%, and 93%, respectively. Accordingly, the EC process using FeCL<sub>3 </sub>coagulant is a suitable, cost-effective, and highly efficient method for the simultaneous removal of turbidity and humic substances from water. Furthermore, this process can be used as an applicable method in SWTP as well as in other similar water treatment plants.
Humic substances,Enhanced coagulation,Ferric Chloride,Turbidity
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51941.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51941_89610584f2ef4ba98f047d4e89ab75dc.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
5
2
2017
05
01
Surveillance of the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality of swimming pool water in the Hamadan province
93
100
EN
Mostafa
Leili
Department of Environmental Health Engineering Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan, Iran
mostafa.leili@gmail.com
Hossein Ali
Norouzi
MSc, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Vice-Chancellor in Health Affairs, Hamadan University of MedicalSciences, Hamadan, Iran
norouzi@yahoo.com
Mahdi
Khodabakhshi
0000-0001-6331-4056
MSc, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Vice-Chancellor in Health Affairs, Hamadan University of MedicalSciences, Hamadan, Iran
m.khoda1976@gmail.com
Afsaneh
Naghibi
MSc, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Vice-Chancellor in Health Affairs, Hamadan University of MedicalSciences, Hamadan, Iran
afsane.naghibi@yahoo.com
10.22102/jaehr.2017.87227.1023
Swimming is considered one of the most conventional recreational activities for both leisure and exercising. Swimming pools have either public or private usage. Nevertheless, if the water of the swimming pools is polluted and is not identified on time, it could result in the transmission of various diseases to the people who use them. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the health situation of swimming pools in the Hamadan province during the period of 2012–2014.This research was a descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional) study on the 19 active pools in the 8 cities of Hamadan province. A total of 120 samples were randomly taken from different parts of the swimming pools during the three-year study period. The sampling and testing procedures were performed according to standard methods. The SPSS software (IBM<sup>Ò</sup>) and the linear correlation test were used for data analysis. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters, such as pH and residual chlorine for 76% and 86% of the total samples, respectively, showed good compliance in pool water during the study period. In terms of microbiological parameters, the lowest and highest numbers of positive samples were observed in the years 2012 and 2014, respectively. According to the results and the unfavorable trend observed mainly in terms of microbial contamination, appropriate measures, such as through strict enforcement of sanitary standards and provision of required equipment like turbidity meter, should be undertaken in order to increase the hygiene level of swimming pools in the Hamadan province.
Swimming pools,physico-chemical parameters,biological parameters,Hamadan
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51931.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51931_c0c0d5ddb5f8494a844c7836696e89e8.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
5
2
2017
05
01
Mercury removal from aqueous solutions by palm leaves adsorbent
101
107
EN
Mitra
Mohammadi
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
m.mohammadi725@yahoo.com
Khadije
Shamsi
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
shams@yahoo.com
Abdollah
Dargahi
0000-0003-2929-2556
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
a.dargahi29@yahoo.com
Pegah
Sekhavat
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
pegahsekhavati@gmail.com
10.22102/jaehr.2017.89835.1026
Mercury is a carcinogenic and teratogenic compound that tends to accumulate in water solutions. In this research, the removal of mercury from an aqueous solution was evaluated by using palm leaves. Experiments were performed to study the adsorption efficiency, the effect of the adsorbent amount, the balance time, the adsorbate concentration, and the pH on mercury removal. The experimental apparatus used was a batch stirred reactor (volume: 1m<sup>3</sup>). The study was conducted under almost isothermal conditions. The test results showed that the optimum adsorbate concentration was 2 g/l, the balance time was three hours, the optimum adsorbent concentration was 15 mg/l, and the pH was 6. The maximum efficiency obtained was 99.24%. The chemical compounds with the highest presence in the palm leaves were LoI (93.76%), and SiO<sub>2 </sub>(4.1%), whereas the compound with the lowest presence was Na<sub>2</sub>O (0.08%). The mercury removal efficiency increased with an increase in the adsorbent dose and the contact time, and reduced with an increase in the initial mercury concentration. The Freundlich model, using the variables provided in the study, predicted the change in the adsorption kinetics.
Palm leaves,Adsorption,Mercury,Isotherm
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51939.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_51939_2d7e03a2f584ac5bfcc22d7341c1561b.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
5
2
2017
05
01
Removal of Natural Organic Matter (NOM), Turbidity, and Color of surface water by integration of enhanced coagulation process and direct filtration
108
113
EN
Saeid
Fallahizadeh
0000-0002-6083-0757
MSc. of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
saeid.eh89@gmail.com
Bahador
Neamati
MSc. of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
neamatibahador@yahoo.com
Abdalmajid
Fadaei
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Nezamaddin
Mengelizadeh
Environment Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Student
Research Committee and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
10.22102/jaehr.2017.71676.
This work assesses the efficiency of integrated enhanced coagulation and direct filtration processes for the removal of color, turbidity, and natural organic matter (NOM) from surface water. The processes were conducted in a simulated pilot. The operating conditions of the treatment process, including pH, FeCl<sub>3</sub> dose, and influent flow, were investigated. Following that, its efficiency was evaluated by measuring specific water quality parameters in the output stream including NOM, turbidity, and color. The results showed that under optimum conditions (pH, FeCl<sub>3</sub> dose, and influent flow of 6.2, 95 L/h, and 40 mg/l, respectively), the color and turbidity were removed 96% and 95% respectively. According to factors analysis by the Taguchi method, the influence of these factors on the removal of pollutants decreased as follows: pH → FeCl<sub>3</sub> dose → influent flow. The results revealed that the integrated enhanced coagulation process and direct filtration can improve the efficiency of colors, turbidity, and NOM removal in water treatment plants.
Enhanced coagulation,Color,NOM,Turbidity,FeCl3
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_52996.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_52996_642b6e579cc03d7db56d423427b6d7ca.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
5
2
2017
05
01
Microbial removal of engine oil from polluted media (the case study: Hamadan City)
114
122
EN
Fariba
Mohsenzadeh
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
fmohsenzade@gmail.com
Sanaz
Safaie
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
10.22102/jaehr.2017.80690.1011
Discharging industrial wastes into the soil causes accumulation of pollutants, especially petroleum hydrocarbons and used engine oil, in the environment. This study was done to find some bacterial strains capable of removing the engine oil from contaminated soils. Soil samples contaminated by engine oil were collected from some polluted area of Hamadan City, and then their bacterial strains were isolated and classified on the basis of morphological keys and biochemical tests. The efficiency of these bacterial strains in removing the pollutant was evaluated in minimal salt medium (MSM) containing 1% engine oil. The optical density (OD) of the media was measured as an indicator of bacterial growth and degradation of the engine oil during day 0, 5, 10, and 15 at 600 nm wavelength. The bacterial strain responsible for the highest OD was chosen as the effective one, and the efficiency of oil removing was evaluated for this bacterial strain. In this study, eight bacterial strains called EODB<sub>1-8</sub> were isolated. The results of the OD determination showed that the four bacterial strains caused more turbidity in the samples. The effects of time, type of bacteria, and their interaction effects were also significant in all samples. The turbidity of the samples was increased with increasing exposure time. The maximum turbidity was caused by the bacterial strain EODB<sub>4</sub> and it was introduced as the best engine oil degrading bacterial strain. Its engine oil removal efficiency was evaluated to be 62.85% and it was identified as <em>Pseudomonas alcaligenes</em> using morphological keys and biochemical identification methods.
Bioremediation,Engine oil,Pseudomonas alcaligenes,Soil pollution
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_53457.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_53457_4c526ffffc6df132fa3042c9e9fe38db.pdf