Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
3
4
2015
12
01
Effect of waterborne copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions on guppy (Poecilia reticulata): Bioaccumulation and histopathology
215
223
EN
Borhan
Mansouri
Student Research Committee AND Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
borhanmansouri@yahoo.com
Raouf
Rahmani
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
Nammam Ali
Azadi
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
n.azadi@hotmail.com
Behrouz
Davari
Department of Medical Entomology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
davaribehroz@gmail.com
Seyed Ali
Johari
Department of Fisheries, School of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
sajohari@gmail.com
Pedram
Sobhani
Department of Fisheries, School of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40205
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and copper ions (Cu++) on guppy (Poecilia reticulata), in order to assess Cu uptake in the gill, and histopathology of gill and intestinal organs in semi-static regimes for 10 days. Guppy fish were assigned into three groups; one control group, and two experimental groups receiving 20 µg/l of either Cu++ or CuO-NPs in a semi-static aqueous culture for 10 days. Gill and intestinal tissue samples were obtained under a standard protocol for further histopathological examinations. The notable alterations observed in gill tissues in the experimental groups were aneurism, fusion, gill epithelial hyperplasia, increased mucous secretion, and necrosis. Noticeable anomalies in intestinal tissue were increase in the number of goblet cells, swelling of goblet cells, degeneration, vacuolation, necrosis, and erosion. Moreover, copper accumulation in gill tissue in the Cu++ treated group was higher than that in the CuO-NPs treated group. In contrast, the severity of histopathological damages in gill and intestinal tissues was greater in the CuO-NPs experimental group.
gills,Goblet cells,Hyperplasia,Nanoparticles,copper
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40205.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40205_1807b8d24a142d6c23132bad6b6bdd29.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
3
4
2015
12
01
Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in a sequencing batch reactor equipped with fixed Kaldnes carriers
224
234
EN
Reza
Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani
Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
darvishi@arakmu.ac.ir
Mahdi
Safari
0000-0003-0347-9283
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
safari.m.eng@gmail.com
Reza
Rezaee
0000-0003-2314-6697
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
rezaee.eng@gmail.com
Abbas
Rezaee
Department of Environmental Health, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
rezaee@modares.ac.ir
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40206
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a modified sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) using fixed Kaldnes carriers fed with acclimated sludge for ammonium removal via simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) in synthetic wastewater. The results exhibited a SND of 82.3% within a 450-minute cycle time which was higher than that of a SBR without carrier (69.83%). Nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) increased from 16.94% to 32.83% until 120 minutes of cycle time, and then, decreased to 1.17% by 450 minutes. The biomass concentration in the bio-film (674 ± 6 mg/l) was lower than suspended biomass (1984 ± 12 mg/l). However, the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of the bio-film (5.24 ± 0.28 mg O2/mg MLVSS.d) was greater than suspended biomass (1.89 ± 0.12 mg O2/mg VSS.d), indicating the higher bioactivity of the bio-film than that of suspended biomass. Up to 3% salinity had no significant effect on MSBR performance for both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium removal. These results illustrated the high efficiency of the MSBR in the treatment of wastewater containing high salinity as well as the removal of nitrogen compounds via SND.
Nitrification,Denitrification,Salinity,Wastewater,Biomass
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40206.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40206_33e1862a0ff7b60b4eb060a003af755b.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
3
4
2015
12
01
Estimation of target hazard quotients for heavy metals intake through the consumption of fish from Sirvan River in Kermanshah Province, Iran
235
241
EN
Borhan
Mansouri
Student Research Committee AND Environmental Health Research Center Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
borhanmansouri@yahoo.com
Afshin
Maleki
0000-0001-8261-8717
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
maleki43@yahoo.com
Behrouz
Davari
Department of Entomology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
davaribehroz@gmail.com
Jamal
Karimi
Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
jamalkarimi@yahoo.com
Vahid
Momeneh
Kermanshah Regional Water Authority, Kermanshah, Iran
momenehvahid@yahoo.com
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40207
The aim of this research was to investigate concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in the muscle, gill, and liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), tuwini (Capoeta trutta), and Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) from Sirvan River, Kermanshah Province, Iran, during November to December 2014. This investigation was conducted in order to determine the potential health risk of the intake of these metals through the consumption of the edible parts of fish and also to assess the safe dietary intake levels of these metals. The results of the present study indicated that the highest and lowest accumulated metal concentrations were related to Zn and Cd, respectively. Moreover, the metal concentrations in the gill and liver were higher than in the muscles of the three fish species. The target hazard quotients (THQs) for an adult with mean body weight of 71.5 kg were below 1 based on Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn levels. In conclusion, the obtained results indicated that the levels of metals in the edible muscle of fish species in this study were below the level of concern for human consumption.
gills,Liver,Metals,Carp,body weight
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40207.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40207_5da42c77c78033fac29bd367ee275ffa.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
3
4
2015
12
01
Treatment of natural rubber industry wastewater through a combination of physicochemical and ozonation processes
242
249
EN
Mohamadreza
Massoudinejad
Safety Promotion & Injury Prevention Research Center AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
dehghanihadi@yahoo.com
Mohsen
Mehdipour-Rabori
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Mohammad
Hadi Dehghani
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health , University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
hdehghani@sina.tums.ac.ir
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40208
In any type of rubber product manufacturing (including tires), the primary concerns are environmental. The aim of the present study was to survey a treatment combination of ozonation and physicochemical processes in the rubber industry. Wastewater samples were collected from the discharge unit of the rubber processing sewage system in Kerman Barez Tire Factory, Kerman, Iran. The wastewater samples used for chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and oil and grease determinations were collected directly into bottles. After collection, samples were transferred to the laboratory for examination. The 2 methods of physicochemical process and ozonation process were used to treat wastewater. The study results suggest that the use of a chemical coagulation process with ferric chloride (FeCl3.7H2O) in the first stage of this study reduced COD by 37% of the original amount (0.56 g/l). The optimum dosage and pH range were 0.775 g/l and 6.5, respectively. When using Al2(SO4)3, the COD reduction rate was 42%, and the optimum dosage and pH range were, respectively, 0.45 g/l and 6.5-7. After the ozonation process, COD was reduced by 70.75% and 90.6%. In accordance with these results and with respect to the high contamination load of this industry’s wastewater and its many environmental hazards, the complete treatment of this industry’s wastewater is crucial. One scientific and practical approach to wastewater treatment is the use of a combination of processes.
Aluminum Sulfate,Coagulation,Ferric Chloride,Ozonation,Physicochemical,Wastewater,treatment
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40208.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40208_f3176bd4afe68bd82b39703730a32863.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
3
4
2015
12
01
Performance evaluation of the wastewater treatment plant of Pelareh Dairy Industry, Iran
250
257
EN
Elnaz
Mohebi-Fard
Department of Environment, School of Basic Knowledge, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan Branch, Hamadan, Iran
phdmrk@gmail.co
Mahdi
Reyahi-Khoram
Department of Environment, School of Basic Knowledge, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan Branch, Hamadan, Iran
Soheil
Sobhan-Ardakani
0000-0002-6038-0514
Department of Environment, School of Basic Knowledge, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan Branch, Hamadan, Iran
s_sobhan@iauh.ac.ir
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40209
Pelareh Dairy Industry (PDI) is located in the west of Iran. The aim of the present study was to assess the quality and quantity of PDI wastewater and compare the results with the regulations. PDI has a wastewater treatment plant that consists of sewage collection system, screening system, equalization tank, clarification tank, anaerobic system for pretreatment, activated sludge processing, disinfection, and solids drying beds. In this research, seven quality parameters, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrate (NO3), total suspended solids (TSS), phosphate (PO4), temperature (Tºc), and pH, were measured as qualitative variables. Thus, 20 samples were collected from influent and effluent zones. Wastewater samples were collected using random grab sampling during peak hours. Based on the results, the average (SD) COD concentration of the raw wastewater in wet season and dry season was 2152.22 (1384.00) and 1813.38 (518.33) mg/l, respectively. The results revealed that the removal efficiency of BOD5, COD, and TSS at the studied plant was 89.22%, 88.79%, and 71.72%, respectively. Based on achieved results, the pollution load of PDI effluent wastewater was determined and presented. Based on the obtained results, the pollution load based on BOD5 variable was 15.71 kg/day. The obtained results indicate that the treatment plant was not efficient enough to be considered as a treatment process for the removal of suspended solids and organic matter.
Environment,Industrial Wastewater,Pollution,Wastewater
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40209.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40209_6cc67c945dbe1cb79fbbbde1d0cb37d6.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
3
4
2015
12
01
Analyzing costs of collection and transportation of municipal solid waste using WAGs and Arc GIS: A case study in Tabriz, Iran
258
265
EN
Sajad
Mazloomi
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
sajad.mazloomi@yahoo.com
Behnaz-Al-Sadat
Vaez Madani
Department of Environmental Pollution, School of Environment and Energy, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
environment.vaez59@gmail.com
Mehdi
Hosseini
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Monireh
Majlessi
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ali
Amarlooei
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40210
Waste collection and transportation is considered as the most costly stage of waste management, to the extent that more than 70% of the total waste management costs are related to this sector. The aim of this study was to analyze the cost of the waste collection and transportation system of the 5th district of Tabriz, Iran, in 2015. For this purpose, the maps of collection routes and locations of waste storage tanks were drawn using ArcGIS software. The waste collection and transportation operations were performed in 3 areas of municipal services of the study area in 8 specific directions, with a distance of about 68051.03 m during 2722.04 minutes. According to the GIS maps and outputs of WAGS software, the main cost of waste collection was related to supplying human resources and fuel charges. According to the results obtained from WAGs, the total daily and annual costs of waste collection were 37163.5 × 103 and 13564.7 × 106 IRR, respectively. Moreover, the cost of solid waste transportation from collection point to the transfer station was estimated at about 500 × 103 IRR per 1 kilometer. Outputs of WAGs software show that 7 vehicles and 343 storage tanks were needed for collection and transportation of 26297 tons of generated waste in the study area.
ArcGIS software,Collection and Transportation,Tabriz City,WAGS software,Waste Management
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40210.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40210_a90cad1e0d08f0601959fe428f329c26.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
3
4
2015
12
01
Preparation of magnetic chitosan/Fe-Zr nanoparticles for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution
266
275
EN
Maryam
Khodadadi
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Mohammad Hassan
Ehrampoush
Environmental Sciences and Technology Research Center AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Amir Hossein
Mahvi
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
amahvi@yahoo.com
Hadigheh
Dorri
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Lida
Rafati
Environmental Sciences and Technology Research Center AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Ali
Naghizadeh
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
al.naghizadeh@yahoo.com
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40211
Copper and hexavalent chromium are heavy metals that are harmful to human health. Natural adsorbent chitosan, due to its considerable properties such as the presence of functional groups of –NH2 and -OH, non-toxicity, low cost, and biocompatibility, has gained much attention in pollutant removal. Therefore, in the present study, adsorption of chromium (VI) and copper (II) ions was conducted in a batch system using magnetic chitosan/Fe-Zr nanoparticles. In addition, the effect of different variables such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of heavy metals, and temperature were investigated. The results of the present study indicated that the highest efficiency in removal of chromium (VI) and copper (II) in pH of 4 were 99.52% and 97.72%, respectively. Moreover, adding 0.4 g of the composite at concentration of 5 mg/l can result in up to 97.43% removal of copper (II) and adding 1 g of this composite at the same concentration can result in more than 91% removal of chromium (VI). In addition, it was concluded that increasing the density of the heavy metals did not have a remarkable effect on the removal efficiency. The equilibrium related to adsorbent capacity and the amounts of nanoparticles were obtained using the plots of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms for chromium (VI) and copper (II), respectively. The studied adsorbent had a high level of efficiency in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
Magnetic Chitosan,Adsorption,Chromium,copper
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40211.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40211_c08d403224309ff7a4684b67da875199.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
3
4
2015
12
01
Exploratory analysis of PM2.5 variation trend of Tehran, Iran, in various time series and its relation with cardiovascular mortality rate using R software
276
283
EN
Payman
Kaseb
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
kaseb.payman@gmail.com
Ramin
Nabizadeh
0000-0002-6798-7474
Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER) AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
rnabizadeh@gmail.com
Kazem
Nadafi
Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER) AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Kamyar
Yagmaeian
Associate Professor, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
k_yaghmaeian@yahoo.com
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40212
Among the numerous air pollutants, the strongest proof for adverse health effects has been reported for particulate matter (PM). The aim of this study was the exploration of short-term associations of air pollution with mortalities due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Tehran, Iran, based on hospital and census data from 2007 to 2013. This descriptive and analytical research was conducted in 2015. Daily and hourly pollutant concentration was obtained from Tehran Metropolitan Municipality. Mortality rate records were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Central Municipal Cemetery, and Forensic Organization. In this study, data were analyzed using R software. Zoo, Time series, Stats, ts model, and Splines software packages were installed on R platform in order to outline the trend of different variables. The results showed that accidental mortality did not follow a particular trend and non-accidental mortality followed a descending or ascending trend. However, mortality pattern showed a decreasing trend from 2011 until the end of 2012. From the beginning of 2013, mortality pattern showed increasing trend. Moreover, the direct correlation of mortality rate and PM2.5 concentration can be observed in a yearly and weekly time scale. Proof of a determined effect of airborne particles on mortality was found with PM2.5. In addition, it was found that mortality rate shows a strong seasonal pattern, with a peak in winter and a minimum in fall. The peak the mortality rate in winter is most probably due to the spread of infectious diseases such as influenza as well as temperature-related phenomena in cold weather areas.
Air pollution,mortality,PM2.5,R Software
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40212.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40212_3c43c2f35f12afb6f5e69d18684be77b.pdf