Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
9
3
2021
07
01
Life Expectancy in Rural Areas of Kurdistan Province, Iran in 2013
177
182
EN
Rahmatoolah
Bahrami
0000-0001-6956-0450
Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
rahmat.bahrami1342@gmail.com
Kamran
Noori
0000-0002-6525-9131
Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
noori4977@gmail.com
10.32598/JAEHR.9.3.1180
<span class="ABSTRACT-2StyleOFBCNtext"><span style="line-height: 120%;">Life expectancy at birth is one of the most important indicators of the social, economic, cultural, and health development in any society. This descriptive epidemiological study aims to measure life expectancy by age and gender in rural areas of Kurdistan Province, Iran. Data were collected directly using mortality information obtained from the health center of Kurdistan Province and the registered population in 2013. The findings showed that life expectancy is different in rural areas of Kurdistan</span></span><span class="ABSTRACT-2StyleOFBCNtext"><span style="line-height: 120%;"> Province</span><span style="line-height: 120%;">. </span></span><span class="ABSTRACT-2StyleOFBCNtext"><span style="line-height: 120%;">Life expectancy at birth in rural areas of the Province was estimated at 70.6 years on average, where it was 72 years for women and 69.3 years for men. The highest life expectancy of men is in Saqez city with 70.6 and the lowest in Kamyaran and Devandarah city with 68.6 years. The highest life expectancy is estimated in rural women with 74 years in Baneh city and the lowest in Dehgolan city with 69.9 years, respectively. The results showed different years of life expectancy in terms of gender in rural areas of Kurdistan Province. The national average life expectancy is about 2 years higher than that in rural areas of Kurdistan Province. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the life expectancy in these Province via fair distribution of facilities and services and prioritizing its rural areas in health planning.</span></span>
mortality,life expectancy,Human development,Kurdistan,Rural
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_133922.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_133922_374cd56d633c12e2b956ad3fff97d6ae.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
9
3
2021
07
01
Life Cycle Assessment of Ball Bladder Production With and Without Recycled Rubbers
183
190
EN
Bahareh
Mohsenirad
0000-0003-0185-9813
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.
bahar1199@gmail.com
Ebrahim
Fataei
0000-0002-9245-9796
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.
ebfataei@gmail.com
10.32598/JAEHR.9.3.1184
<strong>Background:</strong> Environmental issues such as global warming and ozone depletion are one of the most controversial concerns of scientists due to their several potential impacts on the earth as a result of long-term emission of greenhouse gases, mainly CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>. Evidence of greenhouse gas emissions during rubber production provides important and useful data for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The present study aimed to reduce the emission rate of greenhouse gases in the ball bladder production process using natural rubber in combination with recycled rubber.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> In this regard, a LCA in SimaPro 8.0.1 software using CML2001 method was conducted on data related to the resources, chemicals, raw materials and energy consumption during ball manufacturing in Tanin Peak Sabalan Factory, Ardabil, Iran.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Our findings revealed that the ball bladder with natural rubber had the largest contribution to the ozone layer depletion (39.2%) and global warming (41.1%), while the bladder with both recycled and natural rubbers had an impact of 27.9% and 29.5%, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In conclusion, the ball bladder with both recycled and natural rubbers is less eco-destructive than that the bladder with only natural rubber.
life cycle assessment,Natural rubber,Recycled Rubber,Ball Construction,SimaPro Software
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_131331.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_131331_7069dd00927835332a50a6c8bfa0a2e0.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
9
3
2021
07
01
Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Using Fe2O2/CeO2/Ag Composite Nanoparticles under Ultraviolet
191
200
EN
Zohreh
Karimipour
0000-0002-6887-1027
Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
sayehroshan110@yahoo.com
Reza
Jalilzadeh Yengejeh
0000-0002-8360-5739
Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
rahma.reza@gmail.com
Azadeh
Haghighatzadeh
0000-0003-2113-4334
Department of Physics, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
haghighatzadeh@gmail.com
Mohammad Kazem
Mohammadi
0000-0001-6505-1202
Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
mkmohamadi@gmail.com
Maryam
Mohammadi Roozbahani
0000-0003-1008-2655
Department of the Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
mmohammadiroozbahani@yahoo.com
10.32598/JAEHR.9.3.1190
<strong>Background:</strong> The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is used to control of agricultural pests (water and soil) and is among the most widely distributed pollutants in the environment.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>/Ag composite nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple coprecipitation method. The as-synthesized samples were examined using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray analysis. The photo catalytic activity of the as-synthesized samples was examined through photo degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) under ultraviolet irradiation. The effects of pH, irradiation time, initial 2,4-D concentration and catalyst dose on the photo catalytic performance of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>/Ag composite nanoparticles were investigated through an optimization process. The photo catalytic reaction kinetic data were analyzed using Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and the absorption equilibrium was examined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results suggested the second order reaction kinetics as the best model for 2,4-D photo degradation. Moreover, Langmuir isotherm with a higher R2 was reported as the most suitable model. The photo catalytic activities revealed the highest photo degradation percentage for Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>/Ag composite nanoparticles with a degradation order as Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>/Ag (75.70%)>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub> (36.28%) >CeO<sub>2</sub> (26.92)>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (11.96).<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Based on the determination of nanomaterial efficiency, its components and photo catalytic properties, can be used to remove this contaminant and other toxic compounds.
Fe2O3/CeO2/Ag,Photocatalytic performance,Isotherm models,2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_133300.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_133300_639915abe213e07b90af6038cd4f47a0.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
9
3
2021
07
01
Scaling and Corrosion Potential in Drinking Water Distribution Systems of Meshginshahr City, Iran Using Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar Stability Index
201
208
EN
Kamal
Hasani
0000-0002-4110-7563
Students Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
kamalhasani.dudg@gmail.com
Hadi
Sadeghi
0000-0001-7975-411X
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
hsadeghi1079@gmail.com
Abdollah
Dargahi
0000-0003-2929-2556
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
a.dargahi29@yahoo.com
Mehdi
Vosoughi
0000-0001-7294-4877
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
mvn_20@yahoo.com
Ahmad
Mokhtari
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
s.a.mokhtari@gmail.com
Maryam
Pirasteh
Students Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
piraste@gmail.com
10.32598/JAEHR.9.3.1210
<strong>Background:</strong> Corrosion and scaling are major problems in the drinking water facilities causing problems such as water loss, recued life of facilities, pipe punctures, clogging of pipes, and pressure loss in drinking water distribution system. This study aims to determine the corrosion and scaling potential in drinking water distribution system of Meshginshahr, Ardebil, Iran.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during the two seasons (summer and winter) in 2019. A total of 20 water samples, which were obtained by averaging 100 samples, were analyzed to determine the corrosion and scaling potential using Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar Stability Index.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the annual average of LSI and RSI were -1.34 and 10.03, respectively, indicating that the drinking water of Meshginshahr was corrosive and scale-forming.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Therefore, it is necessary to constantly evaluate the drinking water supply resources of this city and try to adjust the pH of water and control other factors affecting corrosion, including concentrations of chloride, dissolved oxygen, and sulfate.
corrosion,scaling,Drinking Water,Langelier saturation Index,Ryznar Stability Index,Meshginshahr
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_133304.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_133304_8ec8e915677f98c83f6d16c50824e954.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
9
3
2021
07
01
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Particulate Matters Concentration and Their Influence on Ambient Air Quality in Urban Regions of Khuzestan Province, Iran
209
226
EN
Nassrin
Hasanzadeh
0000-0003-4530-2312
Department of Environment Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
nasrinhassanzadeh@gmail.com
Fariba
Hedayatzadeh
0000-0003-1941-5970
Department of Environment Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
hedayatzadeh.fariba@gmail.com
10.32598/JAEHR.9.3.1213
<strong>Background:</strong><strong> </strong>One of the most concerning pollutants in urban areas across the globe is particulate matter suspended in the Earth’s atmosphere. The main objective of the current investigation is to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of ambient air particles (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and PM<sub>2.5</sub>/PM<sub>10</sub> ratio in different urban areas of Khuzestan Province.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>In this way, the required data were gathered from the environmental protection organization based on hourly mean concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> of six air pollution-monitoring sites for 5 years.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Results indicated that the average concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>/PM<sub>10</sub> are about 134.14±39.23 µg/m3, 44.51±13.44 µg/m3 and 0.33±0.07, respectively. The examinations revealed a reductive trend on annual values of PMs in terms of temporal variations. A detailed investigation of the annual mean concentrations of PMs and PM<sub>2.5</sub>/PM<sub>10</sub> in terms of spatial variations demonstrated the largest values for Naderi-Ahvaz and Abadan stations. Furthermore, the measured AQI was larger than 100 and the Exceedance Factor (EF) values of PM<sub>10 </sub>and PM<sub>2.5</sub> ranged between 1.51-2.73 and 0.77-1.41. The statistical analysis obtained from linear regression revealed a significant positive relation between AQI and PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.8259 and 0.7934, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Although the analysis and measurement revealed a reductive trend in the annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, the measured AQI and EF values are still far from the standards of good quality and low pollution. Therefore, it is highly necessary to follow the air pollution protocols to control PM air pollution in Khuzestan Province.
Particulate Matter,Air Quality Index,Exceedance Factor,Khuzestan Province,Iran
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_136629.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_136629_8be2be806dd3536705e88319d745c898.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
9
3
2021
07
01
Determination of Hippuric Acid and Methylhippuric Acid Isomers in the Urine of Gas Stations Workers
227
236
EN
Seyed Mohammad
Ebrahimi
0000-0002-2656-7860
Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
smebrahimi67@gmail.com
Zahra
Nazari-Khorasgani
0000-0003-3267-9540
Department of Toxicology, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
znazarikh@yahoo.com
Heibatullah
Kalantari
0000-0002-7912-7295
Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
kalantarih@yahoo.com
Hassan
Motamed
0000-0001-9062-085X
Department of Emergency Medicine, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
hasan_motamed@yahoo.com
10.32598/JAEHR.9.3.1214
<strong>Background:</strong><strong> </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration levels of hippuric acid and 2, 3, 4- methyl hippuric acid isomers as biological indicators of exposure to toluene and xylene isomers in the urine of the gas stations workers of Ahvaz, Iran.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>The urine sample was taken the first time in January and the second time in June 2018. Eight gas stations were selected in Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran. The study sample was 24 males; three workers participated in the study from each gas station. Two workers in each gas station served as the exposed group, and one secretary from each gas station was the control group. The participants’ ages ranged from 21 to 49 years. Each participant was requested to fill out a consent form to participate in the study and a questionnaire containing personal information such as age, smoking, weight and height, and work experience.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The mean concentration of hippuric acid, 2, 3 and 4- methyl hippuric acid in the investigated urine of the workers were 0.245, 0.017, 0.012, and 0.011 g/g creatinine, respectively. There was no relationship between variable of season and levels of hippuric acid, 2, 3 and 4- methyl hippuric acid in the urine of exposed and control groups.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was no significant difference in the analyzed results of urine samples between control and exposure groups. There was at least one methyl hippuric acid isomer, indicating that all subjects were exposed to xylene, which was lower than the threshold limit value. In conclusion, the variable of season cannot cause a significant change in the metabolites of toluene and xylene isomers. Exposure of workers to toluene and xylene at gas stations is within acceptable limits.
Hippuric acid,Gas Station,Methyl Hippuric Acid isomers,Worker,Metabolite
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_133923.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_133923_3dc8dfc62a64a55feca640fa3cd03966.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
9
3
2021
07
01
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Jajrood River Basin, Tehran, Iran: A Coupled Physicochemical and Hydrogeochemical Study
237
254
EN
Maeyan
Givi
0000-0002-0219-2507
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad
University, Tehran, Iran.
mgivi.maryam@gmail.com
Mahsa
Jahangiri-Rad
0000-0002-1626-4014
Water Purification Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
mahsajahangiri_64@yahoo.com
Hamidreza
Tashauoei
0000-0002-2754-8709
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad
University, Tehran, Iran.
spad.group@gmail.com
10.32598/JAEHR.9.3.1221
<strong>Background:</strong><strong> </strong>The physicochemical composition of groundwater is affected by the quantity and quality of surrounding aquifers which are in turn recharging from adjacent river waters.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, 20 surface and 16 groundwater samples were collected in pre- and post-monsoon season from the Jajrood River basin, Tehran, Iran. The samples were analyzed for 18 physicochemical water quality characteristics to assess the river and groundwater qualities. Hydrogeochemical analyses of groundwater samples were also performed to determine the Water Quality Index (WQI) for drinking and evaluate factors governing the water quality characteristic in the study area. Accordingly, the Piper diagram and Gibbs and Chadha plots were drawn to assess seasonal variations in hydrochemical facies and processes in the basin. Subsurface soil samples were also examined with respect to the structure, elemental composition, and multi-elemental trace analysis.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Results showed the abundance of major ions in the order of Ca<sup>+2</sup> >Na<sup>+</sup>>Mg<sup>+2</sup>>K<sup>+</sup> for cations and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> >SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> >Cl<sup>-</sup> >NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> >F<sup>-</sup> for anions. In general, all drinking groundwater samples met WHO permissible limits except for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. Moreover, the water is categorized as Ca-Mg-HCO<sub>3</sub> type. Subsurface soil analyses demonstrated quartz and calcium carbonate as the main phases of soil structure, suggesting the enrichment of groundwater with temporary hardness.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Overall, the groundwater quality was suitable for drinking and agricultural activities.
Groundwater,Water Quality Index,Hydrogeochemistry,Subsurface soil analysis
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_133303.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_133303_32cef224e822a7cf15788f5454614f6a.pdf
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
2676-3478
2345-3990
9
3
2021
06
29
Determining the Relationship Between Landscape Structure and Mental Components on Thermal Assessment
255
264
EN
Katayoun
Afshon
0000-0002-3835-6219
Department of Architecture, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
kt.afshoun@gmail.com
Mohsen
Taban
0000-0002-0245-6699
Department of Architecture, Visiting Professor, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
mntaban@jsu.ac.ir
Mostafa
Masoudinejad
0000-0001-6671-6122
Department of Architecture, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
mostafa_masoudinejad@yahoo.com
Reza
Jalilzadeh Yengejeh
0000-0002-8360-5739
Department of Environmental Engineering, Jundishapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.
r.jalilzadeh@iauahvaz.ac.ir
10.32598/JAEHR.9.3.1225
<strong>Background:</strong> The urban open spaces and their effects on the physical and mental health highlights the attention on the quality of such spaces. Thermal comfort is an environmental component affecting the reactionary behavior of people in these spaces. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental components and landscape structure and its effects on the thermal assessment of individuals.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, we used the descriptive method for explaining the mental components and landscape structure. Then, the survey method was employed for determining the correlations between research variables. Finally, we used the experimental method for testing the variables using specific tools. Thermal analysis was done by computer simulation method using ENVI-met software in the Karoon river area in Ahvaz City, Iran. UTCI (universal thermal climate index) is the index used for assessing thermal comfort. To find out the relationship between the research variables, the field data were randomly collected by questionnaires using the Cochran formula.<br /><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrated the existence of a relationship between landscape structure and different mental states in individuals. The moods of the individuals in open spaces affect their perceptions of the landscape and thermal assessment of the environment.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Eventually, and based on the study findings, it was found that people’s mental states in different situations affect their perception of the landscape’s quality and structure and reactionary behavior. It also influences their thermal assessment.
urban open spaces,Mental Components,Landscape structure,Thermal Assessment,Karoon river
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_132742.html
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_132742_14c3c37bcb0be8e54986fa67a8b431af.pdf