ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A survey on the performance of moving bed biofilm reactor and rapid sand filter in wastewater treatment
Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a process in which attached growth is utilized for wastewater treatment. This process does not require sludge recycling or backwash. Activated sludge processes can be promoted to an MBBR by adding media to an aeration tank. Rapid sand filter is a physical method for the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) in advanced wastewater treatment. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of effluent reuse feasibility of MBBR and rapid sand filter in agricultural irrigation. Results showed TSS, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations in effluent were 10, 7.7, and 85.75 mg/l, respectively. Removal efficiency of TSS, BOD5, and COD was 98%, 98.8%, and 94.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the value of chemical parameters was less than the standard limitations. Average removal efficiency of total coliform, fecal coliform, and nematode was 100%. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) in effluent were 960.5 mg/l and 1200.63 μs/cm, respectively. The Wilcox diagram showed that effluent was in the C3-S1 class, which means effluent quality was appropriate for irrigation. The results showed that effluent quality was completely compatible with the national standards in agricultural irrigation.
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40196_c797ce7c47b50e24b03e13080dc999a2.pdf
2015-08-01
147
153
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40196
Wastewater
Rapid Sand Filter
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
Mostafa
Hadei
1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammadreza
Aalipour
2
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Nezamaddin
Mengelizadeh
nezam_m2008@yahoo.com
3
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amirhossein
Fatemifar
4
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Samad
Hasanpour-Barijany
5
Department of Water Resources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Madoni P, Davoli D, Gibin G. Survey of filamentous microorganisms from bulking and foaming activated-sludge plants in Italy. Water Research 2000; 34(6): 1767-72.
1
Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel D. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2003. p. 4.
2
Qdegaard H. The moving bed biofilm reactor [Online]. [cited 1999]; Available from: URL: http://netedu.xauat.edu.cn/jpkc/netedu/jpkc2009/szylyybh/content/wlzy/7/3/The%20Moving%20Bed%20Biofilm%20Reactor.pdf
3
Andreottola G, Foladori R, Ragazzi M, Tat?no F. Experimental comparison between MBBR and activated sludge system for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Water Sci Technol 2000; 41(4): 375-82.
4
Comett-Ambriz I, Gonzalez-Martinez S, Wilderer P. Comparison of the performance of MBBR and SBR systems for the treatment of anaerobic reactor biowaste effluent. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47(12): 155-61.
5
Cao X, Liu J, Meng X. Evaluation of a slow sand filter in advanced wastewater treatment. Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE); 2010 Jun 26-38; Wuhan, China.
6
Deboch B, Faris K. Evaluation of the efficiency of rapid sand filtration. Proceedings of the 25th Conference WEDC; 1999; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
7
Danesh S, Amin A. The use of wastewater in agriculture, opportunities and challenges. Proceedings of the 1st National Conference on the Role of Water Recycling and Wastewater Management; 2008 May 24; Mashhad, Iran. [In Persian].
8
Aiello R, Cirelli GL, Consoli S. Effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation on soil and tomato fruits: A case study in Sicily (Italy). Agricultural Water Management 2007; 93(1-2): 65-72.
9
Chhonkar PK, Datta SP, Joshi HC, Pathak H. Impact of Industrial Effluents on Soil Health and Agriculture - Indian Experience: Part I - Distillery and Paper Mill Effluents. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 2000; 59(5): 350-61.
10
Fatta D, Kythreotou N. Wastewater as valuable water resource-concerns, constraints and requirements related to reclamation, recycling and reuse. Proceedings of the IWA International Conference on Water Economics, Statistics and Finance; Water Economics, Statistics and Finance; Rethymno, Greece; 2005 Jul 8-10; London, UK.
11
Taleb Bidokhti A, Dehghani MH, Azam K. Evaluation of the effluent quality of wastewater treatment plants in Tehran. Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Environmental Health; 2009 Nov 10-12; Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].
12
Asghari Moghaddam A. Feasibility of agricultural and industrial reuse for effluent of wastewater treatment plant of Tabriz. Proceedings of the 32nd National & the 1st International Geosciences Congress; 2014 Feb 16-19; Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].
13
Pirsaheb M, Khodadadi T, Sharafi K, Dogohar K. Feasibility of Owlang Mashhad reuse of effluent for agricultural irrigation. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Water and Wastewater approach to Operation; 2010 Feb 23-24; Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].
14
Andreottola G, Foladori P, Gatti G, Nardelli P, Pettena M, Ragazzi M. Upgrading of a small overloaded activated sludge plant using a MBBR system. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2003; 38(10): 2317-28.
15
Eaton AD, Franson MA. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2005.
16
Sawyer C, McCarty P, Parkin G. Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2003.
17
Richards LA. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture; 1954.
18
Alobaidy A, Al-Sameraiy M, Kadhem A, Majeed A. Evaluation of treated municipal wastewater quality for irrigation. J Environ Prot 2010; 1(3): 216-25.
19
Altin A, Altin S, Degirmenci M. Characteristics and treatability of hospital (medical) wastewaters. Fresen Environ Bull 2003; 12(9): 1098-108.
20
Borkar RP, Gulhane ML, Kotangale AJ. Moving bed biofilm reactor - a new perspective in wastewater treatment. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 2013; 6(6): 15-21.
21
Delnavaz M, Ayati B, Ganjidoust H. Prediction of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) performance for the treatment of aniline using artificial neural networks (ANN). Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010; 179(1-3): 769-75.
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Al-A'ama MS, Nakhla GF. Wastewater reuse in Jubail, Saudi Arabia. Water Research 1995; 29(6): 1579-84.
23
Mahmoudi M, Khamootian R, Dargahi A. Evaluation of Kermanshah city effluent for reuse in agriculture. Proceedings of the 1st National student Conference on Social Determinants of Health; 2010 Oct 13-14; Tehran, Iran. [In Persian].
24
Amouei A, Ghanbari N, Kazemitabar M. Study of
25
wastewater Treatment System in The Educational Hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences (2009). J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2010; 20(77): 78-86. [In Persian].
26
Wilen BM, Johansen A, Mattsson A. Assessment of sludge particle removal from wastewater by disc filtration. Water Practice & Technology 2012; 7(2).
27
Lubello C, Gori R, Nicese FP, Ferrini F. Municipal-treated wastewater reuse for plant nurseries irrigation. Water Res 2004; 38(12): 2939-47.
28
Binavapour Esforoushani M, Koulivand A, Sabzevari A, Farzadkia M, Mohammad Taheri A, Zafari Pour H, et al. Investigation of irrigation reuse potential of wastewater treatment effluent from Hamedan Atieh-sazan general hospital. Water and Wastewater 2008; 18(4): 83-7. [In Persian].
29
Hashemi H, Ebrahimi A, Khodabakhshi A. Survey on reuse of Isfahan wastewater treatment plants effluent in restricted irrigation. J Health Syst Res 2014; 10(2): 326-34. [In Persian].
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of experimental design approach for optimization of the photocatalytic degradation of humic substances in aqueous solution using immobilized ZnO nanoparticles
Degradation of humic substances in water is important due to its adverse effects on the environment and human health. The aim of this study was modeling and investigating the degradation of humic substances in water using immobilized ZnO as a catalyst. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized through simple coprecipitation (CPT) method and immobilized on glass plates. The immobilized ZnO nanocatalyst was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to create an experimental design for humic degradation and color removal efficiency. The most important parameters including initial concentration, pH, and contact time were optimized. The optimum conditions were initial concentration of 7.68 mg/l, pH of 4.42, and contact time of about 125.6 minutes. Under optimal conditions, maximum humic substances and color removal of about 100 and 82.37% were obtained, respectively. These results illustrate that an immobilized form of ZnO can be used as an efficient nanocatalyst for effective degradation of humic substances in water.
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40198_b4e6ddda27c9c6f5aec9ec2c464a777a.pdf
2015-08-01
154
163
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40198
Humic substances
Catalyst
Immobilization
Zinc oxide
Nanoparticles
Modeling
Hooshyar
Hossini
hoo.hosseini@gmail.com
1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Safari
safari.m.eng@gmail.com
2
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Rezaee
rezaee.eng@gmail.com
3
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani
darvishi@arakmu.ac.ir
4
Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
AUTHOR
Omid
Giahi
omidgi71@yahoo.com
5
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Yahya
Zandsalimi
yzandsalimi@gmail.com
6
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Valencia S, Marin J, Velasquez J, Restrepo G, Frimmel FH. Study of pH effects on the evolution of properties of brown-water natural organic matter as revealed by size-exclusion chromatography during photocatalytic degradation. Water Research 2012; 46(4): 1198-206.
1
Maleki A, Safari M, Shahmoradi B, Zandsalimi Y, Daraei H, Gharibi F. Photocatalytic degradation of humic substances in aqueous solution using Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles under natural sunlight irradiation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22(21): 16875-80.
2
Yuan R, Zhou B, Hua D, Shi C. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of humic acids using Al and Fe co-doped TiO2 nanotubes under UV/ozonation for drinking water purification. J Hazard Mater 2013; 262: 527-38.
3
Remoundaki E, Vidali R, Kousi P, Hatzikioseyian A, Tsezos M. Photolytic and photocatalytic alterations of humic substances in UV (254 nm) and Solar Cocentric Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) reactors. Desalination 2009; 248(1-3): 843-51.
4
Wang X, Wu Z, Wang Y, Wang W, Wang X, Bu Y, et al. Adsorption-photodegradation of humic acid in water by using ZnO coupled TiO2/bamboo charcoal under visible light irradiation. J Hazard Mater 2013; 262: 16-24.
5
Parilti NB, Demirel CSU, Bekbolet M. Response surface methodological approach for the assessment of the photocatalytic degradation of NOM. J Photoch Photobio A 2011; 225(1): 26-35.
6
Valencia S, Marin JM, Restrepo G, Frimmel FH. Application of excitation-emission fluorescence matrices and UV/Vis absorption to monitoring the photocatalytic degradation of commercial humic acid. Sci Total Environ 2013; 442: 207-14.
7
Selcuk H, Bekbolet M. Photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic humic acid removal and selectivity of TiO(2) coated photoanode. Chemosphere 2008; 73(5): 854-8.
8
Songlin W, Ning Z, Si W, Qi Z, Zhi Y. Modeling the oxidation kinetics of sono-activated persulfate's process on the degradation of humic acid. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 23: 128-34.
9
Amin MM, Safari M, Maleki A, Ghasemian M, Rezaee R, Hashemi H. Feasibility of humic substances removal by enhanced coagulation process in surface water. Int J Env Health Eng 2012; 1: 29.
10
Jafari A, Mahvi AH, Nasseri S, Rashidi A, Nabizadeh R, Rezaee R. Ultrafiltration of natural organic matter from water by vertically aligned carbon nanotube membrane. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2015; 13: 51.
11
Ulu F, Barsci S, Kobya M, Sarkka H, Sillanpaa M. Removal of humic substances by electrocoagulation (EC) process and characterization of floc size growth mechanism under optimum conditions. Sep Purif Technol 2014; 133: 246-53.
12
Li C, Dong Y, Wu D, Peng L, Kong H. Surfactant modified zeolite as adsorbent for removal of humic acid from water. Appl Clay Sci 2011; 52(4): 353-7.
13
Mahvi A, Maleki A, Rezaee R, Safari M. Reduction of humic substances in water by application of ultrasound waves and ultraviolet irradiation. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering 2009; 6(4): 233-40.
14
Yuan R, Zhou B, Zhang X, Guan H. Photocatalytic degradation of humic acids using substrate-supported Fe(3+)-doped TiO2 nanotubes under UV/O3 for water purification. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22(22): 17955-64.
15
Soltani RDC, Rezaee A, Khataee AR, Safari M. Photocatalytic process by immobilized carbon black/ZnO nanocomposite for dye removal from aqueous medium: Optimization by response surface methodology. J Ind Eng Chem 2014; 20(4): 1861-8.
16
Zandsalimi Y, Teymouri P, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Rezaee R, Abdullahi N, Safari M. Photocatalytic removal of Acid Red 88 dye using zinc oxide nanoparticles fixed on glass plates. J AdvEnviron Health Res 2015; 3(2): 102-10.
17
Khataee AR, Pons MN, Zahraa O. Photocatalytic degradation of three azo dyes using immobilized TiO2 nanoparticles on glass plates activated by UV light irradiation: influence of dye molecular structure. J Hazard Mater 2009; 168(1): 451-7.
18
Sen Kavurmaci S, Bekbolet M. Photocatalytic degradation of humic acid in the presence of montmorillonite. Appl Clay Sci 2013; 75?76: 60-6.
19
Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Rezaee A, Rezaee R, Safari M, Hashemi H. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye over immobilized ZnO nanoparticles: Optimization of calcination conditions. J Adv Environ Health Res 2015; 3(1): 8-14.
20
Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Khataee AR, Godini H, Safari M, Ghanadzadeh MJ, Rajaei MS. Response surface methodological evaluation of the adsorption of textile dye onto biosilica/alginate nanobiocomposite: Thermodynamic, kinetic, and isotherm studies. Desalination and Water Treatment 2015; 56(5): 1389-402.
21
Vepsalainen M, Ghiasvand M, Selin J, Pienimaa J, Repo E, Pulliainen M, et al. Investigations of the effects of temperature and initial sample pH on natural organic matter (NOM) removal with electrocoagulation using response surface method (RSM). Sep Purif Technol 2009; 69(3): 255-61.
22
Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Rezaee A, Safari M, Khataee AR, Karimi B. Photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde in aqueous solution using ZnO nanoparticles immobilized on glass plates. Desalination and Water Treatment 2015; 53(6): 1613-20.
23
Hossini H, Rezaee A, Ayati B, Mahvi AA. Optimizing ammonia volatilization by air stripping from aquatic solutions using response surface methodology (RSM). Desalination and Water Treatment 2015.
24
Masoumbaigi H, Rezaee A, Hosseini H, Hashemi SA. Water disinfection by zinc oxide nanoparticle prepared with solution combustion method. Desalination and Water Treatment 2015; 56(9): 2376-81.
25
Bashir MJK, Aziz HA, Yusoff MS, Adlan M. Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of ammoniacal nitrogen removal from semi-aerobic landfill leachate using ion exchange resin. Desalination 2010; 254(1?3): 154-61.
26
Akyol A, Bayramoglu M. Photocatalytic degradation of Remazol Red F3B using ZnO catalyst. J Hazard Mater 2005; 124(1-3): 241-6.
27
Hoseinzadeh E, Alikhani MY, Samarghandi MR, Shirzad-Siboni M. Antimicrobial potential of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Desalination and Water Treatment 2014; 52(25-27): 4969-76.
28
Xue G, Liu H, Chen Q, Hills C, Tyrer M, Innocent F. Synergy between surface adsorption and photocatalysis during degradation of humic acid on TiO2/activated carbon composites. J Hazard Mater 2011; 186(1): 765-72.
29
Chakrabarti S, Dutta BK. Photocatalytic degradation of model textile dyes in wastewater using ZnO as semiconductor catalyst. J Hazard Mater 2004; 112(3): 269-78.
30
Peternel IT, Koprivanac N, Bozic AM, Kusic HM. Comparative study of UV/TiO2, UV/ZnO and photo-Fenton processes for the organic reactive dye degradation in aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 2007; 148(1-2): 477-84.
31
Wang J, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Kang P, Xie Y, Lv Y, et al. Sonocatalytic degradation of some dyestuffs and comparison of catalytic activities of nano-sized TiO2, nano-sized ZnO and
32
composite TiO2/ZnO powders under ultrasonic irradiation. Ultrason Sonochem 2009; 16(2): 225-31.
33
Byrappa K, Subramani AK, Ananda S, Lokanatha Rai KM, Dinesh R, Yoshimura M. Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye using hydrothermally synthesized ZnO. B Mater Sci 2006; 29(5): 433-8.
34
Yuan M, Wang S, Wang X, Zhao L, Hao T. Removal of organic dye by air and macroporous ZnO/MoO3/SiO2 hybrid under room conditions. Appl Surf Sci 2011; 257(18): 7913-9.
35
Li B, Cao H. ZnO@graphene composite with enhanced performance for the removal of dye from water. J Mater Chem. J Mater Chem 2011; 21(10): 3346-9.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Reproductive health indicators of immature common carp exposed to municipal wastewater of Behbahan, Iran
Exogenous estrogens or pollutants with estrogen-like activity can induce vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis in male and juvenile fish, making this protein a useful indicator of chemicals that mimic estrogenic activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of municipal wastewater on blood biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Under experimental conditions, biomarkers such as sex steroid levels, alkali-labile phosphate levels, cholesterol and triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were assessed in immature fish exposed to municipal wastewaters collected from a sewage canal in Behbahan, Khuzestan Province, Iran. No significant changes were found in testosterone levels on day 21; however, estradiol, alkali-labile phosphate, triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol significantly increased in the fish exposed to municipal wastewater compared with the control group. A significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels was observed in the fish exposed to municipal wastewater at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that sewage effluent of Behbahan may contain endocrine disrupters and exposure to sublethal concentrations of municipal wastewater may cause dysfunction in reproductive health indicators of common carp.
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40199_2120417296be479dda045777e3511b06.pdf
2015-08-01
164
171
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40199
Alkali-Labile Phosphate
Carp
endocrine disrupting chemicals
Municipal wastewater
Mahdi
Banaee
mahdibanaee@yahoo.com
1
Department of Aquaculture, School of Natural Resource and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Somayeh
Tahery
2
Department of Aquaculture, School of Natural Resource and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Vaziriyan
3
Department of Aquaculture, School of Natural Resource and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Shima
Shahafve
4
Department of Aquaculture, School of Natural Resource and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Behzad
Nemadoost-Haghi
5
Department of Aquaculture, School of Natural Resource and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Shaigan JA, Afshari A. The treatment situation of municipal and industrial wastewater in Iran. Water
1
and Wastewater 2004; 15(1): 58-69. [In Persian].
2
Jobling S, Tyler CR. Introduction: The ecological relevance of chemically induced endocrine disruption in wildlife. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114(Suppl 1): 7-8.
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Jobling S, Burn RW, Thorpe K, Williams R, Tyler C. Statistical modeling suggests that antiandrogens in effluents from wastewater treatment works contribute to widespread sexual disruption in fish living in English rivers. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117(5): 797-802.
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Gilbert N. Water under pressure. Nature 2012; 483(7389): 256-7.
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Kanda R, Churchley J. Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds during conventional wastewater treatment. Environ Technol 2008; 29(3): 315-23.
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Johnson AC, Sumpter JP. Removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in activated sludge treatment works. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35(24): 4697-703.
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Orn S, Svenson A, Viktor T, Holbech H, Norrgren L. Male-biased sex ratios and vitellogenin induction in zebrafish exposed to effluent water from a Swedish pulp mill. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2006; 51(3): 445-51.
8
Miller DH, Jensen KM, Villeneuve DL, Kahl MD, Makynen EA, Durhan EJ, et al. Linkage of biochemical responses to population-level effects: a case study with vitellogenin in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ Toxicol Chem 2007; 26(3): 521-7.
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Woodling JD, Lopez EM, Maldonado TA, Norris DO, Vajda AM. Intersex and other reproductive disruption of fish in wastewater effluent dominated Colorado streams. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 144(1): 10-5.
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Al-Salhi R, Abdul-Sada A, Lange A, Tyler CR, Hill EM. The xenometabolome and novel contaminant markers in fish exposed to a wastewater treatment works effluent. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46(16): 9080-8.
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Coe TS, Soffker MK, Filby AL, Hodgson D, Tyler CR. Impacts of early life exposure to estrogen on subsequent breeding behavior and reproductive success in zebrafish. Environ Sci Technol 2010; 44(16): 6481-7.
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Harris CA, Hamilton PB, Runnalls TJ, Vinciotti V, Henshaw A, Hodgson D, et al. The consequences of feminization in breeding groups of wild fish. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119(3): 306-11.
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Kolodziej EP, Gray JL, Sedlak DL. Quantification of steroid hormones with pheromonal properties in municipal wastewater effluent. Environ Toxicol Chem 2003; 22(11): 2622-9.
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Geem ZW, Kim JH. Wastewater treatment optimization for fish migration using harmony search. MATH PROBL ENG 2014; 2014: 5.
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Coe TS, Hamilton PB, Hodgson D, Paull GC, Tyler CR. Parentage outcomes in response to estrogen exposure are modified by social grouping in zebrafish. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43(21): 8400-5.
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Barber LB, Loyo-Rosales JE, Rice CP, Minarik TA, Oskouie AK. Endocrine disrupting alkylphenolic chemicals and other contaminants in wastewater treatment plant effluents, urban streams, and fish in the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River Regions. Sci Total Environ 2015; 517: 195-206.
17
Gilannejad N, Dorafshan S, Heyrati FP, Soofiani NM, Asadollah S, Martos-Sitcha JA, et al. Vitellogenin expression in wild cyprinid Petroleuciscus esfahani as a biomarker of endocrine disruption along the Zayandeh Roud River, Iran. Chemosphere 2016; 144: 1342-50.
18
Wang J, Bing X, Yu K, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Preparation of a polyclonal antibody against goldfish (Carassius auratus) vitellogenin and its application to detect the estrogenic effects of monocrotophos pesticide. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 111: 109-16.
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Wang J, Wang W, Zhang X, Tian H, Ru S. Development of a lipovitellin-based goldfish (Carassius auratus) vitellogenin ELISA for detection of environmental estrogens. Chemosphere 2015; 132: 166-71.
20
Hecker M, Kim WJ, Park JW, Murphy MB, Villeneuve D, Coady KK, et al. Plasma concentrations of estradiol and testosterone, gonadal aromatase activity and ultrastructure of the testis in Xenopus laevis exposed to estradiol or atrazine. Aquat Toxicol 2005; 72(4): 383-96.
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Gagne F, Blaise C. Organic alkali-labile phosphates in biological materials: A generic assay to detect vitellogenin in biological tissues. Environmental Toxicology 2000; 15(3): 243-7.
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Snyder SA, Villeneuve DL, Snyder EM, Giesy JP. Identification and quantification of estrogen receptor agonists in wastewater effluents. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35(18): 3620-5.
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Folmar LC, Hemmer M, Denslow ND, Kroll K, Chen J, Cheek A, et al. A comparison of the estrogenic potencies of estradiol, ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, nonylphenol and methoxychlor in vivo and in vitro. Aquat Toxicol 2002; 60(1-2): 101-10.
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Shore LS, Shemesh M. Naturally produced steroid hormones and their release into the environment. Pure Appl Chem 2003; 75(11-12): 1859-71.
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28
Randak T, Zlabek V, Pulkrabova J, Kolarova J, Kroupova H, Siroka Z, et al. Effects of pollution on chub in the River Elbe, Czech Republic. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2009; 72(3): 737-46.
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Palumbo AJ. Vitellogenin, a marker of estrogen mimicking contaminants in fishes: Characterization, quantification and interference by anti-estrogens [PhD Thesis]. Berkeley, CA: University of California; 2008. p. 121.
30
Lv XF, Zhao YB, Zhou QF, Jiang GB, Song MY. Determination of alkali-labile phosphoprotein phosphorus from fish plasma using the Tb(3+)-tiron complex as a fluorescence probe. J Environ Sci (China) 2007; 19(5): 616-21.
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Hemming JM, Allen HJ, Thuesen KA, Turner PK, Waller WT, Lazorchak JM, et al. Temporal and spatial variability in the estrogenicity of a municipal wastewater effluent. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2004;
32
(3): 303-10.
33
Diniz MS, Peres I, Pihan JC. Comparative study of the estrogenic responses of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to treated municipal sewage effluent (Lisbon) during two periods in different seasons. Sci Total Environ 2005; 349(1-3): 129-39.
34
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35
Ikonomou MG, Cai SS, Fernandez MP, Blair JD, Fischer M. Ultra-trace analysis of multiple endocrine-disrupting chemicals in municipal and bleached kraft mill effluents using gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Environ Toxicol Chem 2008; 27(2): 243-51.
36
Quinn B, Gagne F, Costello M, McKenzie C, Wilson J, Mothersill C. The endocrine disrupting effect of municipal effluent on the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Aquat Toxicol 2004; 66(3): 279-92.
37
Samuelsson LM, Bjorlenius B, Forlin L, Larsson DG. Reproducible (1)H NMR-based metabolomic responses in fish exposed to different sewage effluents in two separate studies. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45(4): 1703-10.
38
Mardones P, Quinones V, Amigo L, Moreno M, Miquel JF, Schwarz M, et al. Hepatic cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and intestinal cholesterol absorption in scavenger receptor class B type I-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2001; 42(2): 170-80.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of corrosion and scaling potential of drinking water supply sources of Marivan villages, Iran
Corrosion and scaling in drinking water sources can lead to economic and health damages. These processes produce by-products in distribution systems, reduce chemical water quality, and are the cause of health issues among consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion and scaling potential of water supply sources of Marivan villages, Iran. In total, 106 water samples were collected through grab sampling from 64 wells and 42 springs in Marivan villages. The values of the Langelier saturation index (LSI), Ryznar stability index (RSI), Aggressive index (AI), and Puckorius index (PI) were calculated using parameters such as temperature, calcium hardness, total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH according to the last edition of the standard methods. Based on the RSI, 3% of the springs and 9% of the wells were in stable condition, 97% of the springs were corrosive and 90% of the wells had scale forming potential. The LSI was positive for 57% of the springs and 78% of the wells. The AI value of 40% of the springs and 64% of the wells was higher than 12 and the PI value was lower than 6 for all the springs and wells. The results of this study indicated that most of the springs were corrosive and a few of them had scale-forming potential. It was also found that the wells had scaling tendency. Thus, routine monitoring of the sources is necessary to control corrosion and scaling and maintain water quality.
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40200_2c24fab608dbaf03dc35b8e399933579.pdf
2015-08-01
172
178
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40200
Water Quality
Stability index
Corrosion Potential
ScalingWater Quality
corrosion
scaling
Natural Springs
Water Wells
Shouresh
Amini
1
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Rezaee
rezaee.eng@gmail.com
2
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Jafari
jafari_a99@yahoo.com
3
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Afshin
Maleki
maleki43@yahoo.com
4
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dietrich AM, Glindemann D, Pizarro F, Gidi V, Olivares M, Araya M, et al. Health and aesthetic impacts of copper corrosion on drinking water. Water Sci Technol 2004; 49(2): 55-62.
1
Ryznar JW. A new index for determining amount of calcium carbonate scale formed by water. Journal of American Water Works Association 1944; 36(4).
2
Farley M, Trow S. Losses in water distribution networks: A practitioner's guide to assessment, monitoring and control. London, UK: IWA Publishing; 2016.
3
Angell P. Understanding microbially influenced corrosion as biofilm-mediated changes in surface chemistry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 1999; 10(3): 269-72.
4
Edwards M. Controlling corrosion in drinking water distribution systems: a grand challenge for the 21st century. Water Sci Technol 2004; 49(2): 1-8.
5
Kessel SL, Rogers CE, Bennett JG. Corrosivity test methods for polymeric materials. part 5- a comparison of four test methods. J Fire Sci 1994; 12(2): 196-233.
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American Water Works Association, Letterman RD. Water quality and treatment: A handbook of community water supplies. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1999.
7
Pontius FW. Water quality and treatment. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1990.
8
Chien CC, Kao CM, Chen CW, Dong CD, Chien HY. Evaluation of biological stability and corrosion potential in drinking water distribution systems: a case study. Environ Monit Assess 2009; 153(1-4): 127-38.
9
Eaton AD, Franson MA. Standard methods for the examination of water & wastewater. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2005.
10
Imran SA, Dietz JD, Mutoti G, Ginasiyo T, Taylor JS, Randall AA, et al. Red water release in drinking water distribution systems. J Am Water Works Ass 2005; 97(9): 93-100.
11
Benson AS, Dietrich AM, Gallagher DL. Evaluation
12
of iron release models for water distribution systems. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2012; 42(1): 44-97.
13
Abyaneh HZ, Varkeshi MB, Mohammadi K, Howard K, Marofi S. Assessment of groundwater corrosivity in Hamedan Province, Iran using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Geosci J 2011; 15(4): 433-9.
14
Ghanizadeh GH, Ghaneeian MT. Corrosion and precipitation potential of drinking-water distribution systems in military centers. J Mil Med 2009; 11(3): 155-60. [In Persian].
15
Gupta N, Nafees SM, Jain MK, Kalpana S. Assessment of groundwater quality of outer skirts of Kota city with reference to its potential of scale formation and corrosivity. J Chem 2011; 8(3): 1330-8.
16
Rabbani D, Miranzadeh M B, Paravar A. Evaluating the corrosive and scale-forming indices of water in the villages under the coverage of Kashan rural water and Wastewater company during 2007-9. Feyz 2011; 15(4): 382-8. [In Persian].
17
Malakootian M, Fatehizadeh A, Meydani E. Investigation of corrosion potential and precipitation tendency of drinking water in the Kerman distribution system. Toloo e Behdasht 2012; 11(3): 1-10. [In Persian].
18
Shams M, Mohamadi A, Sajadi SA. Evaluation of corrosion and scaling potential of water in rural water supply distribution networks of Tabas, Iran. World Appl Sci J 2012; 17(11): 1484-89.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Adsorption of Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions using NiFe2O4 nanoparticles
In this study, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NiFe2O4 NPs) were prepared through co-precipitation method and subsequently used for the removal of Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The NiFe2O4 NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. In batch tests, the effects of variables such as pH (2-10), adsorbent dose (0.006-0.08 g), contact time (0-90 minutes), and temperature (25-55 ◦C) on Co(II) ions removal were examined and optimized values were found to be 7, 0.02 g, 70 minutes, and 25 ◦C, respectively. In addition, the experimental data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 322.5 mg/g. Kinetic experiments were also conducted to determine the rate at which Co(II) ions are adsorbed onto the NiFe2O4 NPs.
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40201_e55a2ade67b036dd679e1873406ada12.pdf
2015-08-01
179
187
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40201
Cobalt
Removal
Nanoparticles
Kinetics
Soheil
Sobhanardakani
s_sobhan@iauh.ac.ir
1
Department of Environment, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
AUTHOR
Raziyeh
Zandipak
raziyeh.zandi@yahoo.com
2
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Carmo Ramos S, Pedrosa Xavier A, Teodoro F, Cota Elias M, Jorge Goncalves F, Frederic Gil L, et al. Modeling mono- and multi-component adsorption of cobalt(II), copper(II), and nickel(II) metal ions from aqueous solution onto a new carboxylated sugarcane bagasse. Part I: Batch adsorption study. Industrial Crops and Products 2015; 74: 357-71.
1
Fang F, Kong L, Huang J, Wu S, Zhang K, Wang X, et al. Removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solution by an amination graphene oxide nanocomposite. J Hazard Mater 2014; 270: 1-10.
2
Nazari AM, Cox PW, Waters KE. Biosorption of copper, nickel and cobalt ions from dilute solutions using BSA-coated air bubbles. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2014; 3: 10-7.
3
Negm NA, El Sheikh R, El-Farargy AF, Hefni Hassan H, Bekhit M. Treatment of industrial wastewater containing copper and cobalt ions using modified chitosan. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2015; 21: 526-34.
4
Srivastava V, Sharma YC, Sillanpaa M. Application of nano-magnesso ferrite (n-MgFe2O4) for the removal of Co2+ ions from synthetic wastewater: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Applied Surface cience 2015; 338: 42-54.
5
Ceglowski M, Schroeder G. Preparation of porous resin with Schiff base chelating groups for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Chemical Engineering Journal 2015; 263: 402-11.
6
Zhu J, Baig SA, Sheng T, Lou Z, Wang Z, Xu X. Fe3O4 and MnO2 assembled on honeycomb briquette cinders (HBC) for arsenic removal from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 2015; 286: 220-8.
7
Jian M, Liu B, Zhang G, Liu R, Zhang X. Adsorptive removal of arsenic from aqueous solution by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem Eng Aspects 2015; 465: 67-76.
8
Arshadi M, Faraji AR, Amiri MJ. Modification of aluminum?silicate nanoparticles by melamine-based dendrimer l-cysteine methyl esters for adsorptive characteristic of Hg(II) ions from the synthetic and Persian Gulf water. Chemical Engineering Journal 2015; 266: 345-55.
9
Sobhanardakani S, Zandipak R, Sahraei R. Removal of Janus Green dye from aqueous solutions using oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Toxicol Environ Chem 2013; 95(6): 909-18.
10
Ahmad MA, Alrozi R. Removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution using rambutan peel-based activated carbon: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Chemical Engineering Journal 2011; 171(2): 510-6.
11
Ghaedi M, Mosallanejad N. Study of competitive adsorption of malachite green and sunset yellow dyes on cadmium hydroxide nanowires loaded on activated carbon. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2014; 20(3): 1085-96.
12
Sun Q, Hu X, Zheng S, Sun Z, Liu S, Li H. Influence of calcination temperature on the structural, adsorption and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanoparticles supported on natural zeolite. Powder Technology 2015; 274: 88-97.
13
Wan Ngah WS, Teong LC, Hanafiah MA. Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers 2011; 83(4): 1446-56.
14
Yu L, Luo YM. The adsorption mechanism of anionic and cationic dyes by Jerusalem artichoke stalk-based mesoporous activated carbon. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2014; 2(1):
15
Teymourian H, Salimi A, Khezrian S. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide nanosheets as a novel electrochemical and bioeletrochemical sensing platform. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2013; 49: 1-8.
16
Khosravi I, Eftekhar M. Characterization and evaluation catalytic efficiency of NiFe2O4 nano spinel in removal of reactive dye from aqueous solution. Powder Technology 2013; 250: 147-53.
17
Patil JY, Nadargi DY, Gurav JL, Mulla IS, Suryavanshi SS. Synthesis of glycine combusted NiFe2O4 spinel ferrite: A highly versatile gas sensor. Materials Letters 2014; 124: 144-7.
18
Zandipak R, Sobhanardakani S. Synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution. Desalination and Water Treatment 2016; 57: 24-11348.
19
Wang XS, Zhu L, Lu HJ. Surface chemical properties and adsorption of Cu (II) on nanoscale magnetite in aqueous solutions. Desalination 2011; 276(1-3): 154-60.
20
Brunauer S, Emmett PH, Teller E. Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers. J Am Chem Soc 1938; 60(2): 309-19.
21
Deravanesiyan M, Beheshti M, Malekpour A. Alumina nanoparticles immobilization onto the NaX zeolite and the removal of Cr (III) and Co (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2015; 21: 580-6.
22
Langmuir L. The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J Am Chem Soc 1918; 40(9): 1361-403.
23
Freundlich H, Heller W. The Adsorption of cis- and trans-Azobenzene. J Am Chem Soc 1939; 61(8): 2228-30.
24
Vilvanathan S, Shanthakumar S. Biosorption of Co(II) ions from aqueous solution using Chrysanthemum indicum: Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2015; 96: 98-110.
25
Sulaymon AH, Abid BA, Al-Najar JA. Removal of lead copper chromium and cobalt ions onto granular activated carbon in batch and fixed-bed adsorbers. Chemical Engineering Journal 2009; 155(3): 647-53.
26
Azizian S. Kinetic models of sorption: a theoretical analysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 276(1): 47-52.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of temperature on pH, turbidity, and residual free chlorine in Sanandaj Water Distribution Network, Iran
One of the parameters responsible for decreased water quality in a distribution system is temperature changes. This study was conducted to examine the effect of temperature on pH, turbidity, and residual chlorine in Sanandaj, Iran, Water Distribution System. The required water samples were taken from 85 stations during April to October 2014. Sampling was carried out over 6 months and twice per month. The average amount of residual chlorine measured at these stations was 0.58 and 0.52 mg/l, and turbidity was 0.86 and 0.98 nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) in winter and spring, respectively. The temperature did not have any effect on pH, the amount of pH in winter and spring were 7.56 and 7.57, respectively. The results showed significant differences in the concentration of residual chlorine and turbidity of Sanandaj Water Distribution Network between winter and spring (P ≤ 0.01). Thus, the concentration of residual chlorine and turbidity varies in warm and cold seasons. However, no significant difference was observed in pH (P ≥ 0.01). The research results indicated that temperature does not have any effect on the qualitative parameters measured in the study area.
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40202_aa9a927fa78119ae6fed3ce630907276.pdf
2015-08-01
188
195
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40202
Chlorine
Temperature
Water Quality
Iran
Asad
Nouri
asadeblis@gmail.com
1
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Behzad
Shahmoradi
bshahmorady@gmail.com
2
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed
Dehestani-Athar
saeed_dehestani@yahoo.com
3
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Afshin
Maleki
maleki43@yahoo.com
4
Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Bostani A, Golmaie SH, Ansari H. Pipe water distribution network modeling platform and by finite element method with Ansys and Plaxis. Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Water; 2010 Mar 19-20; Mashhad, Iran. [In Persian].
1
Stavros G, Vantas K, Tzimopoulos C, Christos E. Modeling distribution system water quality with hydrosim model. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference European Water Resources Association (EWRA); 2009 Jun 25-27; Limassol, Cyprus.
2
Tabesh M, Azadi B, Rouzbahani A. Optimization of chlorine injection dosage in water distribution networks using a genetic algorithm. Water and Wastewater 2011; 22(1): 2-11. [In Persian].
3
Hassani AH, Jafari MA, Torabifar B. Trihalomethanes concentration in different components of watertreatment plant and water distribution system in the north of Iran. In ternational Journal of Enviromental Research 2010; 34(4): 887-92.
4
Lu W, Kiene L, Levi Y. Chlorine demand of biofilms in water distribution systems. Water Research 1999; 33(3): 827-35.
5
Qasim SR, Motley EM, Zhu G. Water Works Engineering: Planning, Design, and Operation. New York, NY: Prentice Hall PTR; 2000.
6
Ndiongue S, Huck PM, Slawson RM. Effects of temperature and biodegradable organic matter on control of biofilms by free chlorine in a model drinking water distribution system. Water Res 2005; 39(6): 953-64.
7
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Drinking water -Physical and chemical specifications. No. 1053. 5th ed. Tehran, Iran: Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran; 2006. [In Persian].
8
Crittenden JC, Hand DW, Howe KJ. MWH's Water Treatment: Principles and Design. New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2012.
9
Power KN, Nagy LA. Relationship between bacterial regrowth and some physical and chemical parameters within Sydney's drinking water distribution system. Water Research 1999; 33(3): 741-50.
10
Obi CL, Igumbor JO, Momba MN, Samie A. Interplay of factors involving chlorine dose, turbidity flow capacity and pH on microbial quality of drinking water in small water treatment plants. Water SA 2008; 34(5): 565-72.
11
McCoy WF, Olson BH. Relationship among turbidity, particle counts and bacteriological quality within water distribution lines. Water Research 1986; 20(8): 1023-9.
12
Lewis MJ, Bamforth CW. Essays in Brewing Science. Berlin, Germany: Springer Science & Business Media; 2007.
13
American Water Works Association. Water Quality and Treatment: A Handbook of Community Water Supplies. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1990.
14
Ghanizadeh G, Ghanian MT. Evaluation of corrosion and scaling potential sources of drinking water in Noor city by using of corrosion indices. J Military of Medicine 2009; 11(3): 155-60. [In Persian].
15
Nemerow NL, Agardy FJ, Salvato JA. Environmental Engineering: Water, Wastewater, Soil and Groundwater Treatment and Remediation. 6th ed. New Jersey, NJ: Wiley; 2009.
16
Governor Sanandaj. Detailed results of the general census of population and housing in 2011 [Online]. [cited 2011]; Available from: URL: http://ostan-kd.ir/Default.aspx?TabID=51 [In Persian].
17
Andalib A, Ganjidoust H, Ayati B, Khodadadi A. Investigation of Amount and Effective Factors on Trihalomethane Production in PotableWater of Yazd. Iran J Health Environ 2011; 4(2): 137-48.
18
Powell JC, Hallam NB, West JR, Forester CF, Simms J. Factors which control bulk chlorine decay rates. Water Res 2000; 34(1): 117-26.
19
Liu B, Reckhow DA, Li Y. A two-site chlorine decay model for the combined effects of pH, water distribution temperature and in-home heating profiles using differential evolution. Water Res 2014; 53: 47-57.
20
Li X, Gu DM, Qi JY, M U, Zhao HB. Modeling of residual chlorine in water distribution system. J Environ Sci (China) 2003; 15(1): 136-44.
21
Case ME. Determining the Relationship between a Water Sample's Temperature and Its Turbidity Level [Project]; California, CA: California State Science Fair; 2010. 2016.
22
Ghorbani J, Moradianfard Sh, Reisi P, Shehni Gheysari M. Survey of heterotrophic bacteria population changes in Kerman drinking water distribution system and GIS zoning. Eur J Exp Biol 2013; 3(2): 476-83.
23
Wang S, Qian X, Wang QH, Xiong W. Modeling Turbidity Intrusion Processes in Flooding Season of a Canyon-Shaped Reservoir, South China. Procedia Environmental Sciences 2012; 13: 1327-37.
24
Shamsaei H, Jaafar O, Basri N. Effects Residence Time to Water Quality in Large Water Distribution Systems. J Sci Res Eng 2013; 5(4): 449-57.
25
Liu B, Reckhow DA. DBP formation in hot and cold water across a simulated distribution system: effect of incubation time, heating time, pH, chlorine dose, and incubation temperature. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47(20): 11584-91.
26
Morris JC. The Acid Ionization Constant of HOCl from 5 to 35?. J Phys Chem 1966; 70(12): 3798-805.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Simultaneous degradation and adsorption of cyanide using modified fly Ash and TiO2/UV
Due to the present water shortage and environmental problems associated with industrial effluent, investigation of novel treatment technologies is an essential approach. Being a highly toxic chemical of asphyxiating characteristics, cyanide is seen as a major environmental pollutant in a wide range of industrial effluents. The present study aimed to address the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of cyanide using activated fly ash and TiO2/UV. To investigate the removal efficiency of cyanide, two sets of experiments were designed. First, cyanide was absorbed by activated fly ash and degraded via a photocatalytic process, individually. Second, simultaneous adsorption and degradation was examined. The removal efficiency of cyanide by modified fly ash (MFA), TiO2/UV, and their combination (MFA-TiO2/UV) was 76.1%, 81%, and 86.6%, respectively. Optimal conditions for the combination of activated fly ash AFA-TiO2/UV were contact time of 6 hours, temperature of 100 °C, and AFA: TiO2 ratio (w/w) of 1:1. Under these conditions, a maximum removal rate of 92.4% was obtained when 1.2 g of MFA/TiO2 was used with a pH value of 3 in the presence of UV light. Based on the results of cyanide removal, it can be concluded that the combination of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation with MFA-TiO2/UV can be utilized to improve the removal of cyanide from wastewater.
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40203_af11ed1a5a7fabb09c0ea6fd8ec53a4c.pdf
2015-08-01
196
203
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40203
Adsorption
MFA-TiO2/UV
Cyanide
Photocatalytic degradation
Shima
Rezaei
sh_rezaey@yahoo.com
1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Hadi
Rezaei
2
Sanandaj Health Center AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Meghdad
Pirsaheb
mpirsaheb@yahoo.com
3
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeb
Ahmadi
saeb.ahmadi@gmail.com
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hooshyar
Hossini
hoo.hosseini@gmail.com
5
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dash RR, Gaur A, Balomajumder C. Cyanide in industrial wastewaters and its removal: a review on biotreatment. J Hazard Mater 2009; 163(1): 1-11.
1
Naveen G, Majumder CB, Mondal P, Shubha D. Biological treatment of cyanide containing wastewater. Res J Chem Sci 2011; 1(7): 15-21.
2
Dash RR, Balomajumder C, Kumar A. Removal of cyanide from water and wastewater using granular activated carbon. Chem Eng J 2009; 146(3): 408-13.
3
Shokuhi R, Mahvi A, Bonyadi Z. Efficiency compare of both sonochemical and photosonochemical technologies for cyanide removal from aqueous solutions. Iran J Health Environ 2010; 3(2): 177-84. [In Persian].
4
Baskin SI, Kelly JB, Maliner BI, Rockwood GA, Zoltani CK. Cyanide poisoning. In: Tuorinsky SD, Editor. Medical aspects of chemical warfare. Washington, DC: Walter Reed Army Medical Center; 2008. p. 371-410.
5
Nelson L. Acute cyanide toxicity: mechanisms and manifestations. J Emerg Nurs 2006; 32(4 Suppl): S8-11.
6
Malhotra S, Pandit M, Kapoor JC, Tyag DK. Photo-oxidation of cyanide in aqueous solution by the UV/H2O2 process. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 2005; 80(1): 13-9.
7
Karunakaran C, Gomathisankar P, Manikandan G. Solar photocatalytic detoxification of cyanide by different forms of TiO2. Korean J Chem Eng 2011; 28(5): 1214-20.
8
Kim JH, Lee HI. Effect of surface hydroxyl groups of pure TiO2 and modified TiO2 on the photocatalytic oxidation of aqueous cyanide. Korean J Chem Eng 2007; 21(1): 116-22.
9
Lu Z, Zhou W, Huo P, Luo Y, He M, Pan J, et al. Performance of a novel TiO2 photocatalyst based on the magnetic floating fly-ash cenospheres for the purpose of treating waste by waste. Chemical Engineering Journal 2013; 225: 34-42.
10
Wang B, Li C, Pang J, Qing X, Zhai J, Li Q. Novel polypyrrole-sensitized hollow TiO2/fly ash cenospheres: Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic ability under visible light. Appl Surf Sci 2012; 258(24): 9989-96.
11
Salinas-Guzm?n R, Guzm?n-Mar JL, Hinojosa-Reyes L, Peralta-Hern?ndez JM, Ram?rez H. Enhancement of cyanide photocatalytic degradation using sol?gel ZnO sensitized with cobalt phthalocyanine. J Solgel Sci Technol 2010; 54(1): 1-7.
12
Chiang K, Amal R, Tran T. Photocatalytic degradation of cyanide using titanium dioxide modified with copper oxide. Advances in Environmental Research 2002; 6(4): 471-85.
13
Rezaee A, Pourtaghi GH, Khavanin A, Saraf Mamoori R, Hajizadeh E, Valipour F. Elimination of toluene by application of ultraviolet irradiation on TiO2 Nano particles photocatalyst. J Mil Med 2007; 9(3): 217-22. [In Persian].
14
Low W, Boonamnuayvitaya V. Enhancing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 co-doping of graphene?Fe3+ ions for formaldehyde removal. J. Environ. Manage 2013; 127: 142-9.
15
Visa M, Andronic L, Lucaci D, Duta A. Concurrent dyes adsorption and photo-degradation on fly ash based substrates. Adsorption 2011; 17(1): 101-8.
16
Shi Z, Yao S, Sui C. Application of fly ash supported
17
titanium dioxide for phenol photodegradation in aqueous solution. Catal Sci Technol 2011; 1(5): 817-22.
18
Zhang BH, Wu DY, Wang C, He SB, Zhang ZJ, Kong HN. Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment. J Environ Sci (China) 2007; 19(5): 540-5.
19
Wang S, Boyjoo Y, Choueib A, Zhu ZH. Removal of dyes from aqueous solution using fly ash and red mud. Water Res 2005; 39(1): 129-38.
20
Li Y, Liu C, Luan Z, Peng X, Zhu C, Chen Z, et al. Phosphate removal from aqueous solutions using raw and activated red mud and fly ash. J Hazard Mater 2006; 137(1): 374-83.
21
Panitchakarn P, Klamrassamee T, Laosiripojana N, Viriya-empikul N, Pavasant P. Synthesis and testing of zeolite from industrial-waste coal fly ash as sorbent for water adsorption from ethanol solution. Engineering Journal 2014; 18(1): 1-12.
22
Wang S, Wu H. Environmental-benign utilisation of fly ash as low-cost adsorbents. J Hazard Mater 2006; 136(3): 482-501.
23
Kashiwakura S, Ohno H, Kumagai Y, Kubo H, Matsubae K, Nagasaka T. Dissolution behavior of selenium from coal fly ash particles for the development of an acid-washing process. Chemosphere 2011; 85(4): 598-602.
24
Kashiwakura S, Ohno H, Matsubae-Yokoyama K, Kumagai Y, Kubo H, Nagasaka T. Removal of arsenic in coal fly ash by acid washing process using dilute H2SO4 solvent. J Hazard Mater 2010; 181(1-3): 419-25.
25
Huo P, Yan Y, Li S, Li H, Huang W, Chen S, et al. H2O2 modified surface of TiO2/fly-ash cenospheres and enhanced photocatalytic activity on methylene blue. Desalination 2010; 263(1-3): 258-63.
26
Visa M, Duta A. Methyl-orange and cadmium simultaneous removal using fly ash and photo-Fenton systems. J Hazard Mater 2013; 244-245: 773-9.
27
Visa M, Duta A. Adsorption behavior of cadmium and copper compounds on a mixture FA: TiO2. Revue Roumaine de Chimie 2010; 55(3): 167-73.
28
Samarghandi M, Siboni M, Maleki A, Jafari S, Nazemi F. Kinetic determination and efficiency of titanium dioxide photocatalytic process in Removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye and cyanide from aquatic solution. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2011; 21(81): 44-52. [In Persian].
29
Kim HJ, Lu L, Kim JH, Lee CH, Hyeon T, Choi W, et al. UV light induced photocatalytic degradation of cyanides in aqueous solution over modified TiO2. Bull Korean Chem Soc 2001; 22(12): 1371-4.
30
Wahaab RA, Moawad AK, Taleb EA, Ibrahim H, El-Nazer HA. Combined photocatalytic oxidation and chemical coagulation for cyanide and heavy metals removal from electroplating wastewater. World Appl Sci J 2010; 8(4): 462-9.
31
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in water solutions using zno nanoparticles immobilized on glass
Phenol and its derivatives are pollutant compounds that are present in the wastewater of many industries. The objective of this study was to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of phenol in water containing various concentrations of sodium chloride. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the performance of UV/ZnO process on the efficiency of phenol removal from saline water with ZnO nanoparticles fixed on glass using UVC radiation. The effects of pH, contact time, sodium chloride concentrations, and the initial concentration of phenol on the photocatalytic removal of phenol were studied. The photocatalytic degradation of phenol showed suitable efficiency under the absence of sodium chloride (100% phenol removal at a concentration of 5 mg/l and during 120 minutes). However, the removal efficiency decreased in the presence of a concentration of 30 g/l of sodium chloride (92.4%). Additionally, phenol photocatalytic degradation efficiency decreased as a result of an increase in the initial concentration of phenol and the efficiency increased as a result of a decrease in pH (pH = 3). The results obtained from this study indicated that ZnO nanoparticles or ultraviolet rays alone cannot remove phenol fully and have a much lower efficiency in comparison with the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. Thus, the photocatalytic degradation process (UV/ZnO) is an effective method of removing phenol from saline water solutions.
https://jaehr.muk.ac.ir/article_40204_8a9916d8a3d4b18b7f1722567fdf45c7.pdf
2015-08-01
204
213
10.22102/jaehr.2015.40204
degradation
Phenol
Water Pollution
Nanoparticles
Sedigheh
Saeedi
samirasaeedi294@gmail.com
1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hatam
Godini
godini_h@yahoo.com
2
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Almasian
almasian2@gmail.com
3
Department of English Language, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ghodratollah
Shams-Khorramabadi
4
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahram
Kamarehie
b.kamarehee@gmail.com
5
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Parvin
Mostafaie
parvin.eeh1987@yahoo.com
6
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Taheri
7
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
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